Monitoring the Diversity of the Poverty Outreach and Impact of Microfinance: A Comparison of Methods Using Data from Peru

Many microfinance institutions claim to be oriented to a double bottom line, but while methods of financial performance assessment are widely agreed the same cannot be said about social performance. Monitoring social performance is most useful when it reveals variation in both outreach and impact over time and between clients. Data from a village banking programme in Peru is used to compare two methods for assessing each. On poverty outreach, we favour monitoring of proxy indicators for clients against national household survey data, and on impact we recommend making more use of individual in‐depth interviews.     

The Roots of Early Black Nationalism: Northern African Americans' Invocations of Haiti in the Early Nineteenth Century

This article argues that Haiti played a far greater role in the cultural and political activities of northern free blacks than historians previously credited. The evolving political, economic and social makeup of Haiti during its first three decades of independence spurred African-American interest in the island-nation. Relying on American newspaper reports, sailors' accounts, messages from the state of Haiti, and where possible, African-American voices, this work demonstrates the emigration of the 1820s was not the first wave of African-American interest in the black republic but the culmination of decades of interaction and exposure to the Haitian black nationalist project.     

Polish migrant settlement without political integration in the United Kingdom and Ireland: a comparative analysis in the context of Brexit and thin European citizenship

Following EU enlargement in 2004, the United Kingdom and Ireland experienced large‐scale migration from Poland and other new EU states. The Poles who migrated to both jurisdictions were demographically similar and have faced similar challenges although these have begun to diverge in the context of Brexit. Previous research emphasized the intentional unpredictability of many Polish migrants who deferred decisions whether to settle or return which appears to account for limited political incorporation in both the Irish and UK cases prior to Brexit. This literature also examined how such migrants have become socially embedded but not politically integrated. Drawing on surveys conducted in Ireland and the UK during 2018, we highlight predicaments arising from the thin nature of EU citizenship which allowed for free movement but has neglected political integration. In the Irish case, we suggest that EU migrants, including Poles, are likely to remain detached from citizenship and political participation.     

公共事业管理专业引入学分制的必要性及影响因素研究--以辽宁医学院为例

学分制能够体现“以学生为主体”的现代高等教育理念。公共事业管理专业是一个学科基础广泛的新兴专业,人才培养与社会需求存在一定程度脱节,其人才培养模式亟待研究。以学分制改革为契机,探索公共事业管理专业进行学分制改革的必要性及影响因素。公共事业管理专业引入学分制,要正确处理好存在的影响因素,通过制度创新,实现教学质量提升。     

Reputational Bargaining and Deadlines

I highlight how reputational concerns provide a natural explanation for “deadline effects,” the high frequency of deals prior to a deadline in bargaining. Rational agents imitate the demands of obstinate behavioral types and engage in brinkmanship in the face of uncertainty about the deadline's arrival. I also identify how surplus is divided when the prior probability of behavioral types is vanishingly small. If behavioral types are committed to fixed demands, outcomes converge to the Nash bargaining solution regardless of agents' respective impatience. If behavioral types can adopt more complex demand strategies, outcomes converge to the solution of an alternating offers game without behavioral types for the deadline environment.     

医院暴力的成因与对策浅析

医患关系是医生和患者之间发生的最基本的人际关系,和谐医患关系是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分。医院暴力是医患关系走向极端的表现,它的存在不仅会威胁医护人员的人身安全和医疗机构的财产安全,而且会影响医院的医疗秩序。从真实案例分析入手,研究医院暴力的概念、特征、成因及对策,具有一定的现实意义。