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Our aim is to identify predictors of first-time ecstasy use in a prospective study among young people at risk. As part of the multidisciplinary Netherlands XTC Toxicity Study (NeXT), we monitored 188 subjects aged > or = 18 who were ecstasy-naive at baseline but seemed likely to start taking ecstasy in the near future. After an 11- to 26-month follow-up period, 160 respondents remained (85.1%; mean age 21.0 years, 58.1% females): 65 who took ecstasy at least once (ecstasy users) and 95 non-users. At baseline and four times during follow-up, respondents completed self-report questionnaires. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the effects of baseline respondent characteristics on incident ecstasy use. Development of peer group ecstasy use was analyzed by logistic regression. Intention to use ecstasy, low education, and current weekly cannabis use independently increased the hazard rate for first ecstasy use. Although ecstasy use among peers at baseline was not a predictor, the proportion of ecstasy users with ecstasy-using peers increased markedly during the study. Our results suggest that targeted prevention activities should focus in particular on young people who have strong intentions to take ecstasy, especially if they are also regular smokers of cannabis. 相似文献
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Nick Axford Victoria Green† Annemieke Kalsbeek‡§ Louise Morpeth¶ Chris Palmer 《Child & Family Social Work》2009,14(3):243-254
Children's services in England and Wales are legally required to determine the nature and extent of children's needs in their areas as a precursor to providing needs-led services. However, few needs assessments are ever published. This article analyses 83 such reports conducted between 1999 and 2007 in two local authorities in England (one urban, one rural), focusing on their quality and usefulness. It makes recommendations for improving practice in this important area, both in terms of the type of needs assessment required and how best to produce and use them. 相似文献
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National estimates of teenage sexual activity: Evaluating the comparability of three national surveys 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
In this article, we examine the reliability with which teenage sexual activity was reported in three recent national surveys. Unlike other study-effects analyses of objective demographic phenomena such as births and marriages, ours focuses on a more sensitive question--age at first intercourse as reported in three very different surveys. Specifically, we compare reports for the 1959-1963 cohort in the 1979 Kantner-Zelnik Study of Young Women, the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth, and the 1983 wave of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. For the ages when the majority of teens become sexually active (16-19), the three surveys provide comparable estimates of early sexual activity. For the younger teen ages, however, there is some disagreement among the estimates. Nevertheless, all three studies produce consistent estimates of the determinants of sexual activity throughout the teen years. 相似文献
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Melanie?R.?WassermanEmail author Deborah?E.?Bender William?D.?Kalsbeek Chirayath?M.?Suchindran Ted?Mouw 《Population research and policy review》2005,24(6):647-671
The U.S. is experiencing its highest immigration rate since the 1930s. The largest proportion of immigrants comes from Latin
America, and women constitute a large and growing fraction of this group. Although our knowledge of the relationship between
migration and women’s health is increasing, research in this area is still needed, particularly in areas experiencing rapid
changes in their Latino populations. Yet research is impeded by the absence of an adequate sampling frame: Latina immigrants
remain a largely hidden population. This study tests in four North Carolina counties a church-based sampling frame for Latina
immigrant women in their reproductive years. In the study area, on an average week, 20% of the Spanish-speaking population
attends church (two-thirds are Catholic). Compared against Census data for the study area, the study sample (n = 706) provided
a comparable representation of different national origins. New entrants to the U.S. and married women were overrepresented
in the church-based sample. The young (under age 30), and women at the lowest and highest extremes of educational attainment
were underrepresented in churches. While a church-based sample is not entirely comparable to the Census, churches can provide
timely and cost-effective access to a rapidly changing population of new immigrants. Church-based research should be complemented
with research in other settings, adjusting sampling weights for overlap between sampling frames. 相似文献
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Martine Hollander Lianne Holten Annemieke Leusink Jeroen van Dillen Esteriek de Miranda 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2018,31(6):505-512
Problem and background
This study explores the experiences of Dutch midwives and gynaecologists with pregnant women who request more, less or no care during pregnancy and/or childbirth.Methods
All Dutch midwives and (trainee) gynaecologists were invited to fill out a questionnaire specifically designed for the purposes of this study. Holistic midwives were analysed separately from regular community midwives.Findings
Most maternity care providers in the Netherlands receive requests for less care than recommended at least once a year. The most frequently maternal requests were declining testing for gestational diabetes (66.3%), opting for a home birth in case of a high risk pregnancy (65.3%), and declining foetal monitoring during labour (39.6%). Holistic midwives are more convinced of an increasing demand for less care than community midwives (73.1% vs. 35.2%, p = <0.001). More community midwives than hospital staff reported to have declined one or more request for less care than recommended (48.6% vs. 27.9%, p = <0.001). The majority of hospital staff also receive at least one request for an elective caesarean section every year.Discussion and conclusion
Requests for more and less care than indicated during pregnancy and childbirth are equally prevalent in this study. However, a request for less care is more likely to be declined than a request for more care. Counselling women who disagree with their care provider demands time. In case of requests for less care, second best care should be considered. 相似文献6.
Ronald S. Fecso William D. Kalsbeek Sharon L. Lohr Richard L. Scheaffer Elizabeth A. Stasny 《The American statistician》2013,67(4):328-340
In recent years the focus of research in survey sampling has changed to include a number of nontraditional topics such as nonsampling errors. In addition, the availability of data from large-scale sample surveys, along with computers and software to analyze the data, have changed the tools needed by survey sampling statisticians. It has also resulted in a diverse group of secondary data users who wish to learn how to analyze data from a complex survey. Thus it is time to reassess what we should be teaching students about survey sampling. This article brings together a panel of experts on survey sampling and teaching to discuss their views on what should be taught in survey sampling classes and how it should be taught. 相似文献
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