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We conduct an experiment to investigate the degree to which deviations from exponential discounting can be accounted for by
the hypothesis of hyperbolic discounting. Subjects are asked to choose between an earlier or later payoff in a series of 40
choice questions. Each question consists of a pair of monetary amounts determined by compounding a given base amount at a
constant rate per period. Two bases (8 and 20 dollars), three compounding rates (low, medium and high) and three delays (2,
4, and 6 weeks) are each used. There are also 2 initial periods (Today and 2 weeks) and there are two separate questionnaires,
one with lower “realistic” compounding rates and the other with higher compounding rates, typical of those used in previous
studies. We analyze the detailed patterns of choice in 6 groups of 6 related questions each (in which the base and rate is
fixed but the initial period and delay varies), documenting the frequency of patterns consistent with exponential discounting
and with hyperbolic discounting. We find that exponential discounting is the clear modal choice pattern in virtually all cases.
Hyperbolic discounting is never the modal pattern (except in the sense that constant discounting is a special case of hyperbolic
discounting). We also estimate a linear probability model that takes account of individual heterogeneity. The estimates show
substantial increases in the probability of choosing the later option when the compounding rate increases, as one would expect.
There are small, sometimes significant, increases in this probability when the delay is increased or the initial period is
in the future. Such behavior is consistent with hyperbolic discounting, but can account for only a small proportion of choices.
Overall, deviations from exponential discounting appear to be due to error, or to other effects not accounted for by hyperbolic
discounting. Principal among these is an increase in later choices when the base is larger. 相似文献
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Marybel R. Gonzalez Sandra A. Brown William E. Pelham III Stefanie C. Bodison Connor McCabe Fiona C. Baker Arielle Baskin-Sommers Anthony Steven Dick Gayathri J. Dowling Sabrina Gebreselassie Mathieu Guillaume Andrew T. Marshall Chandni Sheth Elizabeth R. Sowell Amandine Van Rinsveld Susan F. Tapert 《Journal of research on adolescence》2023,33(1):43-58
During the COVID-19 pandemic, families have experienced unprecedented financial and social disruptions. We studied the impact of preexisting psychosocial factors and pandemic-related financial and social disruptions in relation to family well-being among N = 4091 adolescents and parents during early summer 2020, participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study. Poorer family well-being was linked to prepandemic psychosocial and financial adversity and was associated with pandemic-related material hardship and social disruptions to routines. Parental alcohol use increased risk for worsening of family relationships, while a greater endorsement of coping strategies was mainly associated with overall better family well-being. Financial and mental health support may be critical for family well-being during and after a widespread crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. 相似文献
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Review of Economics of the Household - We survey college students during California’s stay-at-home order to test whether compliance with social distancing requirements depends on primary... 相似文献
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D. L. Sheth Harsh Sethi 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1991,2(2):49-68
The last two decades have witnessed a veritable mushrooming of NGOs in India. What, however, is inadequately appreciated is that the conversion of voluntarism into primarily a favoured instrumentality for developmental intervention has changed what was once an organic part of civil society into merely a sector — an appendage of the developmental apparatus of the state. Further, this process of instrumental appropriation has resulted in these agencies of self-activity losing both their autonomy and political-transformative edge. What is required, therefore, is to reorientate voluntarism from a framework of subserving the needs of delivery to one promoting self-governance in the widest sense.This paper is an abbreviated version of a longer monograph prepared for the Indian Council of Social Science Research for inclusion in the forthcoming Survey of Research in Public Administration, ICSSR, Delhi, 1991. 相似文献
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