Institutional Conflicts in Higher Education

There have been enormous changes in the nation's system of housing [zhilishchnoe khoziaistvo] during the years of Soviet power. Between 1918 and 1988, 4,444 million square meters of total (poleznaia) housing area were put into operation. Between 1980 and 1988 alone, the urban and rural housing stock rose from 3, 573 to 4, 434 million square meters of total area and at the end of 1988 was valued at 499 billion rubles, or 18 percent of all fixed capital in the national economy. Capital expenditures on residential buildings, the level of amenities, and the level of comfort of housing have risen sharply. The system of housing has become a most important component of the social sphere. However, its normal functioning and development are restrained by the system of compensation of state expenditures on the construction, repair, and exploitation of the housing stock that has come into existence here. A retrospective view of changes in the level and structure of housing rent, whose principles and rules of calculation were introduced more than sixty years ago, therefore appears timely here.