BURDEN SHARING, STRATEGY, AND THE DESIGN OF NATO

This study shows that recent technological advancements in weapons, the policy of detente, and the strategic reorientation of NATO are increasing the relative importance of damage-limiting weapons. The resulting increases in excludable benefits and common-interest awareness permit NATO allies to share defense burdens more efficiently via markets according to benefits received than was the case in the 1960s. The statistical results support our hypothesis that the distribution and nature of benefits, not industrial size, determine the relative burdens of the allies. Statistical tests discriminate between the joint product and deterrence models.
War is a matter not so much of arms as of expenditure, through which arms may be made of service. (Thucydides, History I)     

User Involvement in Services--Incorporation or Challenge?

Correspondence to Joan Forbes at The School of Social Work, The University of Leicester, 107 Princess Road East, Leicester, LE1 7LA Summary In recent years, users of social work, like those of psychiatry,have been increasingly drawn into the organization and deliveryof social work and mental health services. This has been largelywelcomed as a desirable development by planners, academics andpractitioners in the field. In this article, we reappraise thebroad issues raised by user involvement and consider the implicationsof this trend. Despite the attractiveness of the user perspectivein the policy and delivery of social work and psychiatric services,we point to the dangers of incorporation and moderation of anoppositional position, from which, we argue, users can bestchallenge existing practices and connect with wider politicalstruggles.