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1.
PD Dr. Gerd Nollmann 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2006,58(4):638-659
The article tests the thesis that globalization increases the earnings inequality of households. It extends the time series data set of Alderson and Nielsen (2002) who supported the globalization thesis. Alternative models provide no evidence that foreign trade, foreign investment, and migration increase inequality. The article gives reasons for these results and shows that OECD countries pass through an endogenous sectoral and demographic crisis in the transition to post-industrial service societies. Therefore, the paper adapts Kuznets’ theorem of sector dualism to the subsectors of the service economy. The polarization of value addition within the service sector appears as the crucial determinant of increased earnings inequality of households. 相似文献
2.
Patrick Bayer Robert McMillan Alvin Murphy Christopher Timmins 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2016,84(3):893-942
This paper develops a dynamic model of neighborhood choice along with a computationally light multi‐step estimator. The proposed empirical framework captures observed and unobserved preference heterogeneity across households and locations in a flexible way. We estimate the model using a newly assembled data set that matches demographic information from mortgage applications to the universe of housing transactions in the San Francisco Bay Area from 1994 to 2004. The results provide the first estimates of the marginal willingness to pay for several non‐marketed amenities—neighborhood air pollution, violent crime, and racial composition—in a dynamic framework. Comparing these estimates with those from a static version of the model highlights several important biases that arise when dynamic considerations are ignored. 相似文献
3.
We address the issue of model selection in beta regressions with varying dispersion. The model consists of two submodels, namely: for the mean and for the dispersion. Our focus is on the selection of the covariates for each submodel. Our Monte Carlo evidence reveals that the joint selection of covariates for the two submodels is not accurate in finite samples. We introduce two new model selection criteria that explicitly account for varying dispersion and propose a fast two step model selection scheme which is considerably more accurate and is computationally less costly than usual joint model selection. Monte Carlo evidence is presented and discussed. We also present the results of an empirical application. 相似文献
4.
Dr. phil. Gerd Nollmann 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2009,61(1):33-55
The study compares relative risks of working poor in the US and Germany. The risk of working poor is assumed to be a consequence of both the macro-structural change towards post-industrial service societies and the micro-structural change of private households. From this twofold perspective, the guiding hypotheses are developed and then tested with the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The risk of working poor has increased both in Germany and the United States. Both commonalities and marked differences appear: Whereas high numbers of children dominate risks in the US, the German risk-set is determined by the hurdle between part-time and fulltime households, which disadvantages young and lone parents particularly. A common development is the successive devaluation of fulltime employment by sector risks which are growing into the fulltime labour market even in Germany. 相似文献
5.
6.
E. Michel‐Kerjan S. Hochrainer‐Stigler H. Kunreuther J. Linnerooth‐Bayer R. Mechler R. Muir‐Wood N. Ranger P. Vaziri M. Young 《Risk analysis》2013,33(6):984-999
Major natural disasters in recent years have had high human and economic costs, and triggered record high postdisaster relief from governments and international donors. Given the current economic situation worldwide, selecting the most effective disaster risk reduction (DRR) measures is critical. This is especially the case for low‐ and middle‐income countries, which have suffered disproportionally more economic and human losses from disasters. This article discusses a methodology that makes use of advanced probabilistic catastrophe models to estimate benefits of DRR measures. We apply such newly developed models to generate estimates for hurricane risk on residential structures on the island of St. Lucia, and earthquake risk on residential structures in Istanbul, Turkey, as two illustrative case studies. The costs and economic benefits for selected risk reduction measures are estimated taking account of hazard, exposure, and vulnerability. We conclude by emphasizing the advantages and challenges of catastrophe model‐based cost‐benefit analyses for DRR in developing countries. 相似文献
7.
Psychology Implies Paternalism? Bounded Rationality may Reduce the Rationale to Regulate Risk-Taking 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Behavioral economists increasingly argue that violations of rationality axioms provide a new rationale for paternalism – to
“de-bias” individuals who exhibit errors, biases and other allegedly pathological psychological regularities associated with
Tversky and Kahneman’s (in Science 185:1124–1131, 1974) heuristics-and-biases program. The argument is flawed, however, in
neglecting to distinguish aggregate from individual rationality. The aggregate consequences of departures from normative decision-making
axioms may be Pareto-inferior or superior. Without a well-specified theory of aggregation, individual-level biases do not
necessarily imply losses in efficiency. This paper considers the problem of using a social-welfare function to decide whether
to regulate risk-taking behavior in a population whose individual-level behavior may or may not be consistent with expected
utility maximization. According to the social-welfare objective, unregulated aggregate risk distributions resulting from non-maximizing
behavior are often more acceptable (i.e., lead to a weaker rationale for paternalism) than population distributions generated
by behavior that conforms to the standard axioms. Thus, psychological theories that depart from axiomatic decision-making
norms do not necessarily strengthen the case for paternalism, and conformity with such norms is generally not an appropriate
policy-making objective in itself. 相似文献
8.
Recent theoretical research has identified many ways how contracts can be used as rent‐seeking devices vis‐à‐vis third parties, but there is no empirical evidence on this issue so far. To test some basic qualitative properties of this literature, we develop a theoretical and empirical framework in the context of European professional soccer where (incumbent) teams and players sign binding contracts which, however, are frequently renegotiated when other teams (entrants) want to hire the player. Because they weaken entrants in renegotiations, long‐term contracts are useful rent‐seeking devices for the contracting parties. However, they reduce the likelihood of (mutually beneficial) transfers, which generates a trade‐off in the spirit of Aghion and Bolton (1987). Using a data set from the German “Bundesliga,” our model predictions are broadly confirmed. (JEL L14, J63, L40, L83) 相似文献
9.
A European Social Survey (ESS)—based study of Clark and Lelkes on the European level showed a double positive connection between religion and life-satisfaction: not only did a personal involvement have a positive impact, but there was also a regional externality. Even atheists seemed to be happier in areas with many religious people. However, the regional structure of the ESS can be seen as methodologically doubtful. We therefore replicated the study with more rich German data. In our study we confirm the positive individual effect of religion, but we did find a negative regional externality. However, further analysis revealed, this was an effect of an omitted variable: the degree of urbanization. In a more detailed approach we show that this effect is confined to areas with a protestant majority. We conclude that the positive degree of urbanization influence on life-satisfaction is presumably due to the chance for more political participation in the (protestant) city states in Germany. 相似文献
10.