权力概念:理论的发展

尽管在当代社会学中,人们使用权力术语时,都伴随着概念和术语的大量混乱,但在概念化过程中,有两个主要的传统可以一下子区分开来。第一,权力可以被看作为行动者A(他可以是一个个人,也可以是一个集体)把意志加诸行动者B,甚至与B 的抵抗相对抗,因此B 被A 所支配。第二权力可以被概念化为集体所能利用、并被用于他们利益的一种资源,权力使他们达到自己的目的;在这一观点中,权力被概念化为一种集体的工具。第一种说法,尽管甚为古老了,但大部分源出马克     

看中国国家话剧院《一个和八个》如何"选择"

上世纪80年代,由张军钊导演、张艺谋摄影,陶泽如、陈道明等主演,根据郭小川的同名诗歌改编的抗战题材影片<一个和八个>曾因其新锐的画面和电影语言被称为第五代电影作品的开山之作.     

是“情人”变丑了吗7

全面质量管理(TQM)是否过时?《幸福》杂志的回答是:抛弃名称可以,丢掉精神不行。 安纳格设备公司总裁雷·斯达特对TQM精神所作的解释是:“全面质量主要包括对生产经营过程的关注;     

初谈CALIS与数字图书馆的发展

中国高等教育保障系统（China Acadirnic Library and Informatian System），简称CALLS。CALLS是经国务院批准的我国高等教育“211工程”、“九五”、“十五”总体规划三个公共服务体系之一。     

西藏塑像研究与保护中的宗教和伦理问题

前言研究和保护西藏塑像涉及许多复杂的问题，部分原因是由于这些作品的制作并非完全出于美学的目的，作品在严肃的西藏宗教活动中发挥着各种功能。对于密宗塑像来说，多种功能甚至是共同的。密宗塑像是用来传授秘密教义的，密咒本续文献中有载。就是这些塑像向学者和保护者们提出了最复杂的问题和伦理的窘境。在西方现存的收藏品中，这些塑像难以被忽视。不管怎样，有一些明确的步骤使保护专家可以从事对西藏佛教塑像的研究，并且保证伦理的选择被充分地考虑了。西藏宗教活动中偶像塑像的作用1．佛教塑像佛教涉及怜悯的发展和对无的认识及…     

Using Geographic Information Systems to Reconceptualize Spatial Relationships and Ecological Context

In this article, the author demonstrates how geographic information system (GIS) software can be used to reconceptualize spatial relationships and ecological context and address the modifiable areal unit problem. In order to do this, the author uses GIS to (1) test an important category of spatial hypotheses (spatial proximity hypotheses), (2) overcome methodological problems that arise when data sets are not spatially comparable, and (3) measure ecological context. The author introduces a set of GIS variable construction techniques that are designed to accomplish these tasks, illustrates these techniques empirically by using them to test spatial proximity hypotheses drawn from the literature on environmental inequality, and demonstrates that results obtained using these techniques are methodologically superior to and substantively different from results obtained using traditional techniques. Finally, the author demonstrates that these techniques are the product of an alternative conceptualization of physical space that allows sociologists to develop new ways to think about and measure spatial relationships, ecological context, and place-based social inequality and that gives them the ability to reconceptualize spatially based methodological problems that have confronted them for years.     

The impact of Chilean migration on employment in Patagonia

This paper discusses the employment situation of Chilean migrant workers, their impact on labor markets in Patagonia, Argentina, and the government's past and projected responses to this phenomenon. In 1980, Chilean inhabitants of patagonia comprised 11% of the area's population. Chilean migration to patagonia was closely linked to economic activities that began to flourish in the 20th century, such as livestock raising, fruit and vegetable cultivation, and mining for coal and petroleum. No Chilean migrants work in a wide range of sectors. In Patagonia's southern provinces availability and ability to withstand rigorous climate conditions are the main factors which account for the prevalence of Chilean manpower. Chilean migrants do not in general displace local manpower. Legislation and the permeability of the border ensure that most workers enter the country as tourists. Clandestine migration is not an issue. Illegal migrants have provoked negative reactions for several reasons: 1) they comprise a marginal population without formal citizenship; 2) being employed as clandestine workers, they pay no social security, nor do their employers; 3) being illegal, they are obliged to accept lower wages and inferior working conditions which creates unfair competition within labor markets; and 4) as a result of these conditions, xenophobic and endophobic attitudes in relations with Argentine nationalists are reinforced. The government has attempted to solve these problems through various measures. Beginning in 1934, most foreigners entered Argentina with a tourist visa, becoming illegal when they stayed beyond authorized limits. Several measures over the years provided amnesty to illegal migrants. Currently, the law promotes immigration, monitors the admission of foreigners to the country and stipulates their rights and obligations. The law lists 115 articles on immigration promotion and on regulation of the movements of foreigners. Because of the present economic crisis in Argentina, authorities are investigating the effect of Chilean manpower on Argentine labor markets.     

Training with o (observing) and T (treatment) teams in live supervision: reflections in the looking glass*

Working with a treatment and observing team at the same time, behind the oneway mirror, offers a variety of ways to: (a) generate multiple realities; (b) work with two different models of family therapy simultaneously; and (c) provide feedback on the teams' own roles, rules and group process. The process that 6 trainees and two supervisors used with T and O teams to examine their own coevolution as a therapeutic system using the Milan model of family therapy and Ericksonian hypnotherapy is described. The article concludes with a discussion of the advantages and pitfalls of this type of dual supervision.     

Complete censuses and samples

"Complete decennial censuses are needed for small areas and other domains. Sample surveys yield diverse and timely data. Censuses can also be combined with samples, and sometimes with data from registers, for diverse estimates that are detailed over both space and time, and hence are timely for small domains. Methods of 'postcensal estimates' for small domains are described. We note uses of censuses for improving samples and of samples for improving censuses, and propose a method for cumulating data from 'rolling' (or rotating) periodic (weekly, monthly or quarterly) samples specifically designed to cover the population in detail over designed spans (annual and quinquennial)."     

Utilizing a game for both needs assessment and learning in adolescent sexuality education

A fact-gathering, experimental game proved to be an effective instrument in the needs assessment phase of an adolescent sexuality educational program aimed at low-income females. The game ("Family Few"), which covered the topics of menstruation and reproduction, was played by 35 Black, Hispanic, and white females aged 13-16 years recruited from medical and psychiatric clinics in Miami, Florida. The goals of the game were to elicit terminology used by participants, identify and correct misconceptions and misinformation, and determine if learning could occur. Although 57% of participants reported prior exposure to formal sex education, misinformation about the need for activity curtailment during menstruation and the importance of early pregnancy detection was widespread. Group members believed they needed to restrict activities involving physical exercise, sexual relations, water, and cold during menses and were not likely to seek medical or family consultation regarding a missed period until the end of the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Also evident was a need for accurate information on the side effects, risk factors, benefits, and effectiveness of contraceptive methods. The group responses enabled the sex educators to prepare a culturally responsive, developmentally oriented curriculum for further work with disadvantaged female adolescents. The group process was ranked highly on the Likert Scale by these teenagers as an enjoyable, useful means of information dissemination and problem solving.