排序方式: 共有8条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Erika Rost Jörn Sonnenburg Ralf Hanatschek Karsten Heinz Philippe Barré Radovan Fuchs Adriana Gjonaj Florian Gruber Slobodanka Koprivica Slavi Krušic Peter Mayr Iulia Mihail Husein Panjeta Nikos Sidiropoulos Viktor Stefov Anneliese Stoklaska Sándor Szigeti Jean-Luc Teffo Ivan Videnovic Albena Vutsova Dagmar Simon Hildegard Matthies 《Transition Studies Review》2007,14(2):205-261
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In this article, we examine the evolution of minimum income programmes in the Western Balkans (comprising Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia). During socialism, Yugoslavia developed a rudimentary minimum income protection programme, while Albania did not have one. As countries moved towards a market economy, socialism's legacy remained relevant, but especially since 2000, governments have taken more direct responsibility for the minimum income schemes—typically under the influence of the World Bank. The attention was paid to strict targeting accuracy rather than to adequacy or sufficient coverage of the lowest deciles. In essence, neither socialist nor neoliberal policymakers ever recognised anything but the poverty relief function of the minimum income. Both ideologies were hostile, or at best indifferent, to increasing the adequacy and generosity of minimum income programmes, perceiving them as impediments and distractions that slowed socialist and neoliberal transformations. Despite some reform initiatives supported by the World Bank and, more recently, the European Union, the generosity and adequacy of minimum income programmes remain low, and coverage keeps declining. There have been very few efforts to develop inclusion function of the minimum income, while the activation aspect has achieved very little, sometimes degrading into punitive programmes of unpaid community work. In this dismal picture, the European Pillar of Social Rights action framework could serve as a guide for a long overdue third phase in the Western Balkans' minimum income policy evolution. 相似文献
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Dimitrios Mihail 《LABOUR》1995,9(2):189-205
Abstract. This article examines the two contrasting phases of labour productivity in postwar Greece. We present a model of trended labour productivity that synthesises mainstream technical factors, institutional arguments based on the social structure of accumulation framework, and Abramovitz's catch-up hypothesis. The model is empirically estimated and the labour productivity growth is found to be sensitive to changes in capital intensity, proxies of power relations in the labour market, and a productivity convergence indicator. 相似文献
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Dimitrios M. Mihail 《Human Resource Development International》2013,16(5):523-537
The present study aims to enhance researchers' understanding of career self-management behaviour by introducing proactivity along with human capital variables into the analysis. By modelling employees' career strategies, this empirical investigation assesses the relative importance of human capital predictors as well as that of proactive personality. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. There were 328 participants in the survey, consisting of individuals working for firms across all sectors of the Greek economy. Factor analysis was used to form implemented career strategies reported in the survey. Regression analysis was applied for assessing the impact of each predictor on career self-management behaviour. The main findings indicate that the primary sources behind shaping employees' career strategies are their own proactive personality and their work experience in full-time jobs. The importance of combining human capital variables with employees' proactivity in modelling career development is stressed by the present study. 相似文献
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Mihail Petkovski 《Transition Studies Review》2006,13(2):270-279
This paper discusses the ways in which real exchange rate changes have affected macroeconomic and structural developments
in transition economies. More specifically, it deals with four issues: it analyzes the real exchange rate dynamics in transition
economies; it provides a comparative evaluation of the exchange rate regimes adopted by transition countries; it focuses on
the link between exchange rate movements and financial crises; and it discusses the applicability of the Balassa–Samuelson
hypothesis to transition economies. 相似文献
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Objective. To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis at the distal forearm in a male cohort referred for bone density testing and to compare it to published data of Bulgarian women.Design and subjects. 315 consecutive Bulgarian men aged 20 to 84 years were included (mean age 53.74 ± 14.67 years). 59% of them were self-referrals. The comparative female group consisted of 8869 Bulgarian women whose forearm bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in another study.Measurements. BMD was measured by single X-ray absorptiometry at the distal forearm (distal and ultradistal sites) in all men. T-scores were calculated from manufacturer-provided Danish male reference data.Results. The ratio of female to male patients was 28.2 (8869 to 315). Peak BMD was observed in men aged 30 to 39 years: 0.560 ± 0.065 g/cm2 (distal site) and 0.490 ± 0.070 g/cm2 (ultradistal site). A steady BMD decline followed reaching 0.492 ± 0.064 g/cm2 at the distal and 0.412 ± 0.069 g/cm2 at the ultradistal site in age group >70. Age had a rather weak negative impact on forearm BMD described by a linear model. In men aged over 50 years the prevalence of osteoporosis at the distal site was 21.19%, compared to 20.45% in women. Low bone mass was seen in 48.77% of men and 32.50% of women. Normal BMD was more frequent in women (47.05%) than in men (30.04%).Conclusions. We found a high prevalence of forearm osteoporosis in Bulgarian men which is comparable to that already known in women. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to measure bone mineral density (BMD) in middle-aged men with and without the metabolic syndrome according to the International diabetes federation (IDF) definition from 2005. We studied 80 men (mean age: 51.9 ± 9.0 y, mean body mass index (BMI): 32.0 ± 1.7 kg/m2) with and 92 men without the metabolic syndrome (mean age: 52.6 ± 15.1 y, mean BMI: 24.9 ± 2.8 kg/m2). Height (cm), weight (kg), waist circumference (cm) and blood pressure were measured. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and blood lipids were determined. BMD at the lumbar spine and total hip was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry on a Hologic QDR 4500 bone densitometer. In men around 59.3% had a waist circumference > 94 cm (abdominal obesity). Among them 58.7% showed abnormal BP values. Around 30.7% had FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L and 22.7% had low high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and 36.6% had hypertriglyceridemia. In men with the metabolic syndrome, mean lumbar spine BMD was 0.986 ± 0.210 g/cm2 and total hip BMD – 1.012 ± 0.209 g/cm2. The corresponding values in men without this syndrome were 0.934 ± 0.179 g/cm2 and 0.894 ± 0.189 g/cm2, respectively. The inter-group BMD difference reached statistical significance only at the hip (p = 0.039). Respectively, the prevalence of osteoporosis at the central sites was significantly higher in men without the metabolic syndrome (MS) (13.2 versus 20.8%, p = 0.03). Our data confirmed the trend for higher BMD in the studied men with the metabolic syndrome. 相似文献
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