Intergroup bigotry and late nineteenth and early twentieth century immigrant competition,exploitation and succession in the United States

Using a variety of primary and secondary sources, this study attempts to emphasize the rivalry and tensions between the various ethnic groups in one of the major phases of immigration into the United States. Not only were these immigrants exploited by employers but the divisions between groups, often exaggerated and manipulated by those employers, also helped to build significant barriers to a strong unionism within the workforce. The overall conclusion of the article is an essentially negative evaluation of the economic and social forces immigrants experienced in these years.     

Dual-careerism and the conjoint-career couple

This article introduces and defines the concept of conjoint-career couples, marital partners that work in the same field or profession. Drawing on the narratives of three couples with structurally varied experiences (older man/younger woman, older woman/younger man, peers), we describe and analyze some of the problems and issues confronting a growing number of academics in the current labor pool. We conclude by discussing some of the overarching patterns common to this situation and the advantages and disadvantages associated with it. Finally, we propose a variety of social policies which academic institutions may want to consider to help meet the challenge of these changing market demographics. Currently she is writing and teaching in the areas of deviance, social theory, and the sociology of children. She is the author ofWheeling and Dealing (Columbia University Press, 1985) and coeditor (with Peter Adler) ofThe Social Dynamics of Financial Markets (JAI Press, 1984). He is the author ofMomentum (Sage, 1981),Membership Roles in Field Research (co-authored with Patricia A. Adler, Sage, 1987), and the editor, along with Patricia A. Adler, ofJournal of Contemporary Ethnography andSociological Studies of Child Development. Her special interests are divorce and remarriage and she is the author (with R.H. Rodgers) ofDivorced Families (W.W. Norton, 1987). His areas of interest are family dynamics with a focus on myth and ritual formation in families. His interests are in social control and political economy. He is the author ofCastles of Our Conscience: Social Control and the American State, 1800–1985, Polity Press, forthcoming. She is the author of books and articles on deviance and social control, qualitative methods, and gender, includingGender Issues in Field Research (Sage, 1988),Madwives: Schizophrenic Women in the 1950s (Rutgers University Press, 1987),The Court of Last Resort: Mental Illness and the Law (University of Chicago Press, 1982).     

Missing Measures of the Who and Why of School Dropouts: Implications for Policy and Research

Because of the relevance of high school education to later career development, counselors and other career development professionals are urged to take an activist role in school improvement. Following a review of the literature and other observations, five goals of a policy and research agenda are discussed: (1) to develop a commonly accepted definition of a dropout; (2) to improve methods of pupil accounting; (3) to separate the causes and identifiers of at-risk behavior; (4) to analyze the relevance of the questions asked about at-risk youth; and (5) to engage in institutional self-examination. Implications for counselors and counselor educators are presented.     

The College Student Psychiatric Emergency: A Descriptive Study

Abstract

The authors utilized computerized records of a psychiatric emergency department to study the nature of psychiatric emergencies among college students. The 1156 visits made by students over an eight-year period are described using demographic variables, times of visit, and accompaniment. Implications of the findings for campus administrators and mental health service providers are discussed.     

Representing a function of two variables as a superposition over angles of ridge functions with a given shape via linear programming

A ridge function with shape function g   in the horizontal direction is a function of the form g(x)h(y,0)$g(x)h(y,0)$. Along each horizontal line it has the shape g(x)$g(x)$, multiplied by a function h(y,0)$h(y,0)$ which depends on the y-value of the horizontal line. Similarly a ridge function with shape function g   in the vertical direction has the form g(y)h(x,π/2)$g(y)h(x,\pi /2)$. For a given shape function g it may or may not be possible to represent an arbitrary   function f(x,y)$f(x,y)$ as a superposition over all angles of a ridge function with shape g   in each direction, where h=_hf=_hf,g$h=h_f=h_{f,g}$ depends on the functions f and g   and also on the direction, θ:h=_hf,g(·,θ)$\theta :h=h_{f,g}(·,\theta )$. We show that if g   is Gaussian centered at zero then this is always possible and we give the function _hf,g$h_{f,g}$ for a given f(x,y)$f(x,y)$. For highpass or for odd shapes g  , we show it is impossible to represent an arbitrary f(x,y)$f(x,y)$, i.e. in general there is no _hf,g$h_{f,g}$. Note that our problem is similar to tomography, where the problem is to invert the Radon transform, except that the use of the word inversion is here somewhat “inverted”: in tomography f(x,y)$f(x,y)$ is unknown and we find it by inverting the projections of f  ; here, f(x,y)$f(x,y)$ is known, g(z)$g(z)$ is known, and _hf(·,θ)=_hf,g(·,θ)$h_f(·,\theta )=h_{f,g}(·,\theta )$ is the unknown.     

The College Student Psychiatric Emergency: II Diagnosis and Disposition

Abstract

Student psychiatric emergencies are a cause of great concern on college campuses, and they merit further study. The authors elucidate some of the characteristics of 1,156 visits to a hospital psychiatric emergency department made by 933 students over an eight-year period. The diagnoses given to students in emergencies were found to be equally divided among psychosis, neurosis, personality disorder, and “other.” Only about 30% of the students' visits to the psychiatric emergency department resulted in admission to the hospital; the implications, for college mental health programs, of having 70% of psychiatric emergencies returned to campus is discussed.

“Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness by Dexamethasone,” T. Scott Johnson, et al. Acute mountain sickness is a syndrome that occurs when unacclimatized persons ascend rapidly to high altitudes. It is postulated that cerebral edema causes its symptoms. Since dexamethasone is useful in treating some forms of cerebral edema, we investigated its role in the prevention of acute mountain sickness. Using a double-blind crossover design, we exposed eight young men to a simulated altitude of 4570 m (15,000 ft) on two occasions. By random assignment, each subject received dexamethasone (4 mg every 6 hours) or placebo for 48 hours before and throughout the 42-hour exposure. The presence of symptoms of acute mountain sickness was established by two methods: a questionnaire and an interview by a physician. Dexamethasone significantly reduced the symptoms of acute mountain sickness. During dexamethasone treatment, the cerebral-symptom score (mean ± S.E.) decreased from 1.09 ± 0.18 to 0.26 ± 0.08, and the respiratory-symptom score decreased from 0.64 ± 0.09 to 0.31 ± 0.06 (both, P < 0.05). As judged by the interviewing physician, the symptom score decreased from 1.10 ± 0.11 to 0.28 ± 0.07 (P = 0.01). We conclude that dexamethasone may be effective in preventing the symptoms of acute mountain sickness. (New England Journal of Medicine 1984;310:683–6.)     

Through a feminist lens

Grassroots NGOs by Women for Women: The Driving Force of Development in India, by Femida Handy, Meenaz Kassam, Suzanne Feeney, and Bhagyashree Ranade. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage, 2006. 244 pp., $29.95 paper.     

EMERGENCY PSYCHIATRY AND THE FAMILY: THE DECISION TO ADMIT

The author's work with families presenting to a psychiatric emergency service points to the prominence of families' wishes that one family member be hospitalized. The pressure on the cliniciancan be extreme. A number of studies in the literature on the decision to admit contain similar observations emerging from varied methodologies and vantages. The author draws from clinical practiceand the literature to focus on an interpersonal dimension to emergency interventions. Awareness ofinterpersonal forces upon mental health clinicians is crucial to allow mature balancing of the many factors involved in the decision making process. An integration of family and systems thinking into the practice of emergency psychiatry can enhance comfort and effectiveness in many difficult crisis situations.