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1.
Blankenship J Starling R Woodall WG May PA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(2):157-174
Alcohol consumption and its relationship to gambling was examined in a statewide New Mexico survey in 1996 and 1998. Data
regarding both drinking habits and gambling behavior were obtained from a stratified random sample of the adult population
(N = 2674) across the entire State of New Mexico via phone survey. These surveys were carried out shortly after a period when
New Mexico experienced an initial surge in the legalized gaming industry. Fifty-seven percent of survey respondents reported
drinking in the past month, while 43.1% reported no drinking in the past 30 days. Results show that while the number of days
in the past 30 that a person drinks is significantly correlated with some types of gambling behavior (e.g., in 1998, drinking
more days was associated with more card gambling and sports gambling), it is the amount of alcohol consumed per occasion that
is associated with more gambling behavior. For example, in both 1996 and 1998, drinking more per occasion was associated with
more sports betting, dice gambling, number/lottery gambling, gambling using machines, and paper game gambling (e.g., pull
tabs, punchboard). These results suggest that problem gambling behavior is not affected as much by the number of occasions
on which one consumes alcohol, as by the amount of alcohol consumed per occasion. 相似文献
2.
Randall Puljek-Shank 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2018,29(4):870-883
Civil society strengthening programs aim to foster democratic governance by supporting civil society organization (CSO) engagement in advocacy. However, critics claim that these programs foster apolitical and professional organizations that have weak political effects because they do not mobilize citizen participation. This literature focuses on how donor programs lead to low legitimacy of CSOs with citizens, limiting the means to develop agency toward the state. Here I investigate the influence of CSO legitimacy with donors and citizens on civic agency. Empirical research was conducted in Bosnia–Herzegovina on CSOs considered legitimate by donors, citizens, and both. I found that different forms of legitimacy were associated with different strategies and agency. CSOs with both forms of legitimacy, which have not received much attention until now, turned out to be of particular interest. These CSOs demonstrated agency as intermediaries between donors, government, and citizens, which enabled greater agency and broader outcomes. 相似文献
3.
Kuhn R 《Population and development review》2010,36(4):655-692
In June 1986, Population and Development Review published a highly influential article by John Caldwell entitled “Routes to Low Mortality in Poor Countries.” Amid growing anxiety over decelerating world mortality decline, Caldwell explored social and political pathways to mortality success on the basis of two lists of superior mortality achievers and exceptionally poor mortality achievers, countries whose mortality rankings drastically differed from their income rankings. To mark the quarter-century since Caldwell's study and chart new pathways, this article looks at the subsequent performance of Caldwell's original exceptional achievers and develops an updated list of achievers. Analysis highlights the presence of many more poor achievers today; the rising importance of adult mortality as a marker of exceptional achievement; the increasing success of countries in Latin America and the Muslim world; the continued success of China, Vietnam, Cuba, and Costa Rica. dramatic improvements in schooling outcomes, particularly for women, have reduced the importance of education as a determinant of superior achievement. Reinforcing Caldwell's original assertions, the synthesis highlights how interactions between social consensus, health care systems, and human capital dependence offer a pathway to superior achievement. These forces may be especially powerful at moments of national crisis. 相似文献
4.
This paper estimates the conditional wage gaps between black and white full-time male workers at the metropolitan statistical area (MSA) level using data from the 1990 and 2000 U.S. Censuses. The magnitudes of the wage gaps are found to vary substantially across location. As predicted in Becker's (The economics of discrimination, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1957) seminal theory on wage discrimination, we find that the wage gaps are greater in MSAs that have a larger proportion of black workers in the labor force. This is the most consistent result across all specifications and years. We also find the gaps to be greater where there is an overrepresented black population in jail and a more segregated population if the MSA is in the South. The proportion of workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement in the private sector is associated with greater relative black earnings. We find that although the relationship between race and wages has diminished over time as famously suggested in Wilson (The declining significance of race: Blacks and changing American institutions, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1978), the significance of race remains. 相似文献
5.
Randall G. Kesselring 《Journal of Labor Research》1991,12(1):61-72
The relationship between faculty salaries and unionism at Ph.D.-level universities is investigated. Unlike previous attempts
at analyzing this topic, the model endogenizes the union-nonunion choice using appropriate techniques for analyzing limited
dependent variables. These techniques allow computation of average salaries for all schools under the assumption that they
are unionized and also under the assumption that they are not unionized. Subtraction of the predicted nonunion salary from
the union salary provides an estimate of salary differences, which is corrected for selectivity bias. 相似文献
6.
Conclusion In our contemporary society, ferocious cruelty is no longer structurally induced; it is no longer part of the dominant ceremonial order, although we still find individual cases. In this sense, modern society appears more humane. But at the same time, the dangers of callousness increase; and the technological efficiency of modern instruments of destruction makes its consequencess all the more appalling while it hides them from view. Between these opposing trends, ascetic cruelty has had its ups and downs, cresting during periods of mobilized conflict.There is no evolutionary trend towards kindness and happiness. Ferociousness once increased, then declined; callousness and asceticism now oppose each other as defenders and challengers of the status quo. And the institutionalized asceticism of a victorious revolutionary movement easily amalgamates with the callousness of an established bureaucratic regime.The demons can be exorcised, but only by seeing them for what they are. Those who claim that the demons can be exorcised only by action in the world, not by theorizing about them, seem to be possessed by demons of their own, especially the demon of asceticism; one senses here the communal hostility of the ascetic to the individual luxury of intellectual contemplation. And here is the danger. Those who deny everything for the self deny it as well for others; our altruism, taken too exclusively, is an infinite regress, passing a bucket from hand to hand that never reaches the fire. When we act, we call out the demons to meet us. Be careful: they are ourselves. 相似文献
7.
This paper follows recent science studies in theorizing information technologies as socio-material configurations, aligned into more and less durable forms. The study of how new technologies emerge shifts, on this view, from a focus on invention to an interest in ongoing practices of assembly, demonstration, and performance. This view is developed in relation to the case of the 'prototype', an exploratory technology designed to effect alignment between the multiple interests and working practices of technology research and development, and sites of technologies-in-use. In so far as it is successful, the prototype works as an exemplary artefact that is at once intelligibly familiar to the actors involved, and recognizably new. 相似文献
8.
Employer use of employee drugscreening procedures is widespread in the U.S. A state-by-state analysis of statutory law applicable
to the drug testing issue is combined with state and industry data to isolate how drug testing laws affect workplace injury
rates. Based on our data, injury rates are not statistically related to the state’s legal environment. 相似文献
9.
The Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) estimates of the benefits of improved air quality, especially from reduced mortality associated with reductions in fine particle concentrations, constitute the largest category of benefits from all federal regulation over the last decade. EPA develops such estimates, however, using an approach little changed since a 2002 report by the National Research Council (NRC), which was critical of EPA's methods and recommended a more comprehensive uncertainty analysis incorporating probability distributions for major sources of uncertainty. Consistent with the NRC's 2002 recommendations, we explore alternative assumptions and probability distributions for the major variables used to calculate the value of mortality benefits. For metropolitan Philadelphia, we show that uncertainty in air quality improvements and in baseline mortality have only modest effects on the distribution of estimated benefits. We analyze the effects of alternative assumptions regarding the value of reducing mortality risk, whether the toxicity is above or below the average for fine particles, and whether there is a threshold in the concentration‐response relationship, and show these assumptions all have large effects on the distribution of benefits. 相似文献
10.
Randall Reback 《Economic inquiry》2015,53(3):1451-1469
A population's demographic composition may affect political support for various public services. This article examines whether the aging‐in‐place of local residents decreases financial support for public schools in the United States. I expand on previous empirical work by examining whether tax‐price reductions offered to elderly homeowners moderate their effect on local school revenues. The results reveal that an aging population structure substantially decreases school revenues, unless elderly homeowners receive state‐financed reductions in their local tax‐prices. Sizable differences hold even when comparing school districts located near each other but on opposite sides of state borders. Given the imminent aging of the population structure in the United States and many other developed countries, governments' targeted tax reduction policies could have important effects on equilibrium school revenues. (JEL I22, J14, H71) 相似文献