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Population Research and Policy Review - Developmental idealism (DI) contains a set of beliefs endorsing development, low fertility, and late marriage and causal connections between development,... 相似文献
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This article reports on a study of how parental divorce affects the marriage and divorce experiences of professional women in Turkey. Drawing on the retrospective accounts of eight professional women in relation to their own divorce and those of their parents, this study highlights the role of parental divorce and cultural context in adult children's attitudes, beliefs, and experiences regarding their own union formation. Based on this small qualitative sample, results demonstrate that parental divorce affected women's entire lives, with considerable impact on their commitment to marriage and view of divorce in general. They learn from their parents that marriages can be broken when they do not function properly. As a result, instead of being more patient or self- sacrificing, as is frequently advised to women in Turkish society, the women in this study readily tended toward divorce as a viable solution to marital problems. 相似文献
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Abstract. We have used occupational data on Turkey available for the period 1975–2000, to analyse the impact of countervailing legislative effects, economic activity, and cultural attitudes on the sex segregation of occupations. We find that the Turkish labour market is now more segregated than 25 years ago. The recession at the end of the 1970s led to a rise in sex segregation at that time, which has reversed only slowly. Anti‐discrimination legislation introduced in the early 1980s and amended in the 1990s may have contributed to the improvement seen over the 1980s particularly in professional occupations. 相似文献
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AbstractElder abuse is one of the most important problems encountered by the elderly. Health, economical and psychological dimensions of the experience of aging also pose risk for elder abuse. This study aims to determine the abuse to which elder people are exposed based upon their own evaluations and to investigate the risk factors associated with elder abuse. This is a cross-sectional study among quantitative designs. Population of the study comprises 309 outpatient elders over the age of 65 referring to Ayd?n Do?an Geriatrics Clinic of Ankara University, Turkey. Collected data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression. In total, 70.9% of the elderly participating in this study experienced abuse more than once. Majority of the participants were victims of emotional abuse (64.1%), followed by neglect and abandonment (26.9%) and economic abuse (12.6%). There was significant relation between sex, marital status, health status of the elderly and being abused (p?0.05). Being female and evaluating health status as bad are risk factors (p?0.05). Elder abuse is a quite complex and multifaceted social problem. It is expected that this study will increase awareness of helping professionals (social workers, nurses, doctors, counsellors) about elder abuse risk factors and contribute to the development of social policies for preventing elder abuse. For future research, it will be more beneficial if studies on elder abuse adopt a holistic approach that will incorporate the family and relatives of the elderly and institutions. 相似文献
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To estimate potential public health benefits from ozone (O3) pollution reduction attributable to the use of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in gasoline, O3 dose-response estimates from the biomedical literature were combined with model estimates of O3 reduction. Modeling employed EPA MOBILE5a and Complex models to predict emission changes, industry AQIRP techniques to predict ambient O3 changes, and the National Exposure Model to predict human exposures. Human health effects considered were lung function decrements and respiratory irritant symptoms (using dose-response functions measured in laboratory and field studies), and increased death rates (using concentration-response functions inferred statistically from public-health data). Other reported health effects, such as lung inflammation, increases in asthma attacks, and hospitalizations, were not addressed because of inadequate dose-response information. Even for the health responses considered, quantitation of improvements due to MTBE use is problematical, because MTBE affects only a small percentage of existing O3 pollution, and because exposure-response relationships are not well understood for population subgroups most likely to be affected. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to conclude that even small MTBE-associated reductions in peak ambient O3 levels (1–5 ppb, according to model estimates) should yield considerable public health benefits. Tens of millions of Americans are potentially exposed to O3 in the concentration range associated with health effects. Even if only a small percentage of them are susceptible, any incremental reduction in O3 (as with MTBE use) must mitigate or prevent effects for a meaningful number of people. Better quantitative estimates of benefit must await a more detailed understanding of each link in the chain of causation. 相似文献
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