Practical problems in sampling for social and demographic inquiries in undeveloped countries

This article discusses practical problems in connexion with the taking of sample surveys for demographic inquiries in undeveloped countries.

The discussion is divided into three main topics, dealing with the problems of definitions, sampling and operation of a sample survey. The, conclusion reached is that, where previous information is available for the selection of a sample, the difficulties encountered in the problems of definition and operation are generally-intensified forms of those to be overcome in surveys in developed countries. Otherwise, the sampling aspect itself will constitute a difficult problem, for the solution of which experimental surveys in the form of sequential chain experiments carried out by the Indian Statistical Institute for crop surveys may have to be used.     

A Lagrangian Non Central Negative Binomial Distribution of the First Kind

A Lagrangian probability distribution of the first kind is proposed. Its probability mass function is expressed in terms of generalized Laguerre polynomials or, equivalently, a generalized hypergeometric function. The distribution may also be formulated as a Charlier series distribution generalized by the generalizing Consul distribution and a non central negative binomial distribution generalized by the generalizing Geeta distribution. This article studies formulation and properties of the distribution such as mixture, dispersion, recursive formulas, conditional distribution and the relationship with queuing theory. Two illustrative examples of application to fitting are given.     

"十二五"期间社会政策体系的完善

现行社会政策体系存在着制度碎片化、落实难、不公平的现象以及财政投入不足和监督评估不力的问题。十二五期间,应分类实施六有目标。在措施上,应大幅度缩小我国财政与同等收入国家在基本公共服务和社会保障投入上的差距,且将新增财政投入主要用于缩小地区间、人群间的差距;应改善民生指标的设计,且提高它们在政绩考核体系中的权重;应为普通劳动者均等享受基本服务和保障提供可及性强的阶梯。     

雷达截面的理论分析方法

介绍了过去几年内作者对飞行目标部件和整机雷达截面分析所采用的理论方法和取得的进展。分析的关键部件包括：天线、天线罩、进气道、机身机翼及翼身结合部一体化；方法包括：几何光学法、复射线法、物理光学法、等效电磁流法、绕射理论、矩量法与场量迭代法等。     

FINANCIAL CRISES,OUTPUT LOSSES,AND THE ROLE OF STRUCTURAL REFORMS

Financial crises take a heavy toll on output growth. We assess the role of structural reforms in reducing the output losses resulting from financial crises across advanced economies, emerging and developing economies, and low‐income developing economies. We also revisit the role of macroeconomic policies in this context. The impact of crises on output growth differs between types of crises and economies, thus warranting sample splits along these lines. Some but not all reforms and policies help to reduce the output losses of crises in the medium term, highlighting the need not to overgeneralize the effectiveness of reforms and policies. Further research is warranted to further explore the heterogeneity in the impact of financial crises on output growth and to better understand when and how specific structural reforms and macroeconomic policies can mitigate the output costs of financial crises. (JEL E32, E44, E63, G28, O47)     

Predictors of Cambodian parents’ perceptions of corporal punishment

This cross‐sectional study was conducted to examine the predictors of parents’ positive perceptions of using corporal punishment on their children. We investigated whether there is a gender difference in the use of corporal punishment according to parents’ gender and socioeconomic variables and what factors predict Cambodian parents’ positive perceptions of the use of corporal punishment toward sons and daughters. Cambodian parents hold different views on raising boys versus girls. Younger parents with more children, limited education, low socioeconomic status, unemployed, living in rural areas, and parents who hold positive perceptions of spousal abuse of women were more likely to approve of the use of corporal punishment. Our results present implications for social work practice and policy, particularly in child welfare in Cambodia. Most importantly, in order to prevent the use of corporal punishment on children in the home, the government of Cambodia as well as domestic and international organizations need to make more active efforts to promote parenting education.     

转型期西蒙古牧区社会生活变迁的实证研究——基于内蒙古与青海蒙古牧区的实地调查

本文基于对西蒙古牧区社会实地调查的材料,首先从牧民的人口和家庭模式、定居点建设、家庭收入渠道、生活设施以及牧民财富观念的转变、社会交往和信息流通等方面分析和描述了西蒙古牧区社会生活在各个方面发生的巨大变化;其次,对西蒙古牧区社会转型时期出现的增长的人口与有限的草场之矛盾、日益扩大的贫富差距、草场纠纷以及传统文化面临的困境等进行了描述;最后,为如何协调好转型期越来越突出的人口、生态、经济、文化之间的关系,提出了五个方面的对策性建议,为牧区社会转型和发展提供参考和思路.     

台吉乃尔人对移民的认同与偏见——从文化学角度看民族关系

本文通过对台吉乃尔人(当地从事牧业的蒙古族)与移民(从外地迁来的汉族农民)民族关系的产生和发展过程的调查与描述,探讨民族认同与偏见的生成和变迁,并为提出改善民族关系的具体措施提供较为详细的社区调查资料。     

政府治理理念创新与西部地区现代化的协调发展

政府治理理念是对政府治理活动合规律性和合价值性的认知定势和认知运行模式的总和,从本质上讲是一种思维模式,这就决定了它具有与时俱进的理论品质,其创新是政府改革的先声和基点。对于正处在大开发大发展关键时期的西部地方政府而言,顺时应势创新治理理念,既是应对经济全球化和信息化的必然选择,也是完善市场经济体制,建立完备的市场机制的内在要求;同时又是解决发展中的矛盾和难题,维护民族团结、社会稳定、促进西部地区经济社会健康发展,实现三大文明全面协调推进的现代化的必然要求。为此,西部地方政府必须树立立足西部,放眼世界的全球理念;宏观调控、引导指路的掌舵理念;敞开胸怀,吸纳新知的学习理念;执法护法,依法办事的法治理念;抢抓机遇,敢为人先的竞争理念;统筹兼顾,协调推进的科学发展理念。