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Elena Berdasco‐Muñoz Léo‐Lyuki Nishibayashi Olivier Baud Valérie Biran Thierry Nazzi 《Infancy》2018,23(2):268-287
Infants born preterm have higher risks of developing linguistic deficits. Considering that the ability to segment words from fluent speech is crucial for lexical acquisition, Experiment 1 tested the ability of healthy extremely‐to‐late preterm infants to segment monosyllabic words at 6 months of postnatal age. Results establish basic segmentation skills in these infants. While we failed to find an effect of the degree of prematurity, this issue will need further exploration. Future studies will also have to specify the scope of these early segmentation skills, both in terms of the types of words segmented, the cues used to do so, and in terms of possible differences in performance between subgroups of preterm infants (e.g., based on gestational age or medical risks). Lastly, given that the preterm infants tested had a mean maturational age of 4 months, Experiment 2 explored monosyllabic segmentation in full‐term 4‐month olds. Infants succeeded at the task, providing the earliest developmental evidence of word segmentation in full‐term infants. These findings better specify the early trajectory of segmentation abilities in both full‐term and healthy, low‐risk preterm infants and support the proposal that prematurity might have a differential effect on the early acquisition of various linguistic levels. 相似文献
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Christina M. Bertilone Suzanne P. McEvoy Dena Gower Nola Naylor June Doyle Val Swift-Otero 《Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives》2017,30(2):121-128
Background
Pregnancy, labour and neonatal health outcomes for Australian Aboriginal women and their infants are frequently worse than those of the general population. Provision of culturally competent services may reduce these differences by improving access to timely and regular antenatal care. In an effort to address these issues, the Aboriginal Maternity Group Practice Program commenced in south metropolitan Perth, Western Australia, in 2011. The program employed Aboriginal Grandmothers, Aboriginal Health Officers and midwives working in a partnership model with pre-existing maternity services in the area.Aim
To identify elements of the Aboriginal Maternity Group Practice Program that contributed to the provision of a culturally competent service.Methods
The Organisational Cultural Competence Assessment Tool was used to analyse qualitative data obtained from surveys of 16 program clients and 22 individuals from partner organisations, and interviews with 15 staff.Findings
The study found that the partnership model positively impacted on the level of culturally appropriate care provided by other health service staff, particularly in hospitals. Two-way learning was a feature. Providing transport, team home visits and employing Aboriginal staff improved access to care. Grandmothers successfully brought young pregnant women into the program through their community networks, and were able to positively influence healthy lifestyle behaviours for clients.Conclusion
Many elements of the Aboriginal Maternity Group Practice Program contributed to the provision of a culturally competent service. These features could be considered for inclusion in antenatal care models under development in other regions with culturally diverse populations. 相似文献4.
de Souza AP Minette LJ Sanches AL da Silva EP Rodrigues VA de Oliveira LA 《Work (Reading, Mass.)》2012,41(Z1):4957-4962
There are several forest operations involved in Eucalyptus timber harvesting. This study was carried out during brush-cutting; tree felling, bucking, delimbing, piling and manual extraction operations, with the following objectives: a) analyzing, ergonomically, two systems of brush-cutting: one manual and the other semi-mechanized, using two different machines; b) ergonomically evaluating three different brands of pruner machines used in delimbing felled trees. c) determining the feasible target of productivity as a function of ergonomic factors relevant to establish the time of resting pauses for workers in manual and semi-mechanized timber harvesting systems in mountainous terrain. Brush-cutting, either manual or semimechanized, is an activity carried out prior to timber harvesting. It is usually a hard work, with low productivity when compared with mechanized systems. Pruner machines have been used by forest companies, due to the great possibilities to improve productivity, quality and the health of workers. Ergonomics is a discipline that promotes the adequacy of work to the physical and mental characteristics of human beings, seeking to design production systems and products considering relevant aspects, including social, organizational and environmental factors. Companies should consider the ergonomic factor in the determination of daily worker production targets. 相似文献
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People with learning difficulties, like all disabled people, face social oppression. Much recent policy and practice are underpinned by at least some understanding of this oppression, and the social model of disability has been influential in discussions of services and supports for people with learning difficulties. However, in the area of mental health, the picture is somewhat different. This paper argues that the medical model has predominated in discussions of mental health support for people with learning difficulties, and that a social model approach could have much to offer. The paper draws on an ongoing action research study in which service providers, families and young people with learning difficulties are working together to articulate what is needed, in order to find routes to improve the support offered to young people with learning difficulties and mental health support needs. 相似文献
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Collective and Unitary Models: A Clarification 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Martin Browning Pierre-André Chiappori Valérie Lechene 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(1):5-14
In this note we identify and clarify a confusion that has arisen in the literature about the exact relationship between unitary
and collective models and what enters the Pareto weight and the sharing function. We suggest that we should denote as ‘unitary’
any model that leads to outcomes that satisfy the Slutsky conditions whether or not these outcomes depend on distribution
factors. In particular, income pooling is neither necessary nor sufficient for a unitary model. We also show that the presence
of prices or total expenditure in the sharing rule cannot be used as a test for a unitary model.
相似文献
Valérie LecheneEmail: |