领导权理论与后现代思潮

英国著名教授E·拉克劳以其拓展马克思主义的革命理论而闻名,并成为西方“后马克思主义”的著名代表人物之一。在其代表作《领导权与社会主义策略》(“Hegemony”一词,曾有“文化霸权”等译法;但本文译者认为,在拉克劳的著作中,他主要是在“国家、革命、阶级和革命的领导者”等意义上来谈论这一范畴的,所以在这里把“hegemony”译为“领导权”)一书中,拉克劳把马克思主义的领导权理论与后结构主义等当代“时髦”理论相结合的尝试引人注目,但也备受争议。为此,他在另一本著作《我们时代革命的新反思》一书中,系统地回答了《领导权与社会主义策略》一书中的有关问题。这些问题涉及其领导权理论与社会主义革命在当今社会现实中所面临的理论困境,包括革命的主体、阶级的构成、阶级斗争、对立和认同等等。此外,领导权理论还涉及其与现代西方哲学思潮的内在逻辑联系,如胡塞尔的现象学、维特根斯坦的后分析哲学、德里达的解构主义以及其他的后现代主义理论等。针对这些理论和现实问题,拉克劳一一进行了认真的回答和阐述。英国《新左派评论》编委会的部分成员罗宾(Robin Blackburn)、彼德(Peter Dews)和安娜(Anna-Marie Smith)于1988年5月策划专访拉克劳。以下访谈是从拉克劳《我们时代革命的新反思》一书中选译     

EDITH WHARTON'S SICK ROLE

In this article, we conduct a textual analysis of Edith Wharton's 1911 novel, Ethan Frome . We offer three readings. The first presents Wharton's account of illness through a framework developed foru decades later by Talcott Parsons. Wharton's sick role was less medico-centric than Parsons; it emphasized the importance of class, gender and community in defining and legitimizing the sick role. Our second reading explores the socially constructed nature of roles in illness. The sick role as portrayed by Wharton is not the social fact later conceived by Parsons, but a social construct with no determinate reference beyond that which the local community is willing to grant it. Our third reading examines the social context, particularly the power relations, within which this story of illness has been constructed.     

小考吐蕃798～804年历史

关于赤松德赞有几位王子、他们的姓名和长幼顺序以及赤松德赞去世后的王位继承等情况在许多史料中众说纷纭,甚至自相矛盾。虽然这些是难以解决的棘手问题,但是史学界无需回避,若能作出一些定论,对吐蕃历史研究具有重要的现实和理论意义。文章对798～804年之间的吐蕃王位继承情况及赤德松赞的年龄等作了分析。     

哈萨克斯坦共和国的现代教育体制

哈萨克斯坦共和国的现代教育体制是国家经济的重要组成部分 ,是国家内外安全的保证。国家安全的方方面面 :经济和军事、生态和技术、文化和管理——都对教育体系有影响。教育体制质量上的转变对国家的主权、政治及经济上真正的独立都发挥着重要的作用。本文分析了哈萨克教育体制中基本因素的动态变化情况     

Severely Traumatized Siblings: A Treatment Strategy

Siblings who have suffered severe trauma and disrupted attachment relate to one another in ways that interfere with individual development, the chance to benefit from connections with adults, the establishment of healthy sibling relationships, and the working through of traumatic experiences. The authors use case examples to illustrate four distinct sibling patterns: absent, adult lockout, half and half, and trauma shield. The authors highlight the importance of recognizing these types and then varying the therapist's treatment stance to pursue five goals. These include suspending problematic sibling relationships to create room for bonding with caring adults, transferring attachment behaviors and impulses to a receptive adult, resuming healthy individual development, forming more adaptive sibling connections, and expressing shared traumatic content.     

Global employment and decent jobs, 2010–2030: The forces of demography and automation

Globally, an estimated 734 million jobs will be required between 2010 and 2030 to accommodate recent and ongoing demographic shifts, account for plausible changes in labour force participation rates, and achieve target unemployment rates of at or below 4 per cent for adults and at or below 8 per cent for youth. The facts that most new jobs will be required in countries where “decent” jobs are less prevalent and workers in many occupations are increasingly subject to risks of automation further compound the challenge of job creation, which is already quite sizable in historical perspective. Failure to create the jobs that are needed through 2030 would put currently operative social security systems under pressure and undermine efforts to guarantee the national social protection floors enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).     

Mutual Transformation in Psychotherapy

A growing body of psychoanalytic literature recognizes that dynamic therapy can be transformative for therapists as well as for patients. Relational concepts such as co-construction and mutual regulation highlight interactive processes that facilitate bidirectional change. This paper summarizes the theoretical rationale for mutual transformation, presents a detailed case study illustrating how transformation evolves, and concludes with a brief commentary written by the patient.     

试论藏传佛教微型雕塑"嚓嚓"在藏区的传入与发展

藏传佛教微型雕塑“嚓嚓”原为古印度佛教艺术品,在佛教传入藏区的过程中,以其直观、真实的形象冲破语言、文字障碍,对佛教教义的传播起到了至关重要的作用,并在整个藏区使其类型和内容不断得以延续和扩充,丰富了藏区佛教艺术的表现手法和形式。     

浅谈维吾尔爱情叙事诗中"殉情母题"及其文化内涵--以尼扎里爱情叙事诗为例

"殉情"是古今中外文学中一个重要的叙事母题,它触及人类共同遭到的悲惨命运与人类的集体心理深层.在世界各民族文学中,无论作家文学还是民间文学,都存在殉情故事.维吾尔社会中,曾在封建婚姻制度与伊斯兰教道德教义的残酷迫害之下,无数个青年男女走投无路,走上自尽殉情的道路.80年代,由于父母包办婚姻的原因,维吾尔社会中酿成了一些青年男女自杀殉情的悲剧.     

藏汉拟声词之异同比较

拟声词作为一种重要的修辞手段和构词法,在藏、汉修辞学和构词法中占有重要地位。文章通过对藏、汉学者们一直以来对拟声词的指称和归属问题的不同介定进行的总结和评析,以及对藏、汉拟声词使用上的异同和藏、汉拟声词汇的一般对照情况进行的分析,从修辞学、语言学和心理学的角度剖析和落实了藏、汉拟声词的语言属性,并且探讨和归纳出了藏语拟声词的组词规律。