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Summary. This paper introduces the paired comparison model as a suitable approach for the analysis of partially ranked data. For example, the Inglehart index, collected in international social surveys to examine shifts in post-materialistic values, generates such data on a set of attitude items. However, current analysis methods have failed to account for the complex shifts in individual item values, or to incorporate subject covariates. The paired comparison model is thus developed to allow for covariate subject effects at the individual level, and a reparameterization allows the inclusion of smooth non-linear effects of continuous covariates. The Inglehart index collected in the 1993 International Social Science Programme survey is analysed, and complex non-linear changes of item values with age, level of education and religion are identified. The model proposed provides a powerful tool for social scientists.  相似文献   
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The effect of compulsory schooling on health—evidence from biomarkers   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Using data from the Health Survey for England and the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing, we estimate causal effects of schooling on health. Our study complements earlier studies exploiting two nationwide increases in British compulsory school leaving age in 1947 and 1973, respectively, by using biological stress markers as measures of health outcomes in addition to self-reported measures. We find a strong positive correlation between education and health, both self-rated and measured by blood fibrinogen and C-reactive protein levels. However, causal effects estimates based on compulsory schooling changes are ambiguous and remain statistically insignificant.  相似文献   
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In the presence of multicollinearity the literature points to principal component regression (PCR) as an estimation method for the regression coefficients of a multiple regression model. Due to ambiguities in the interpretation, involved by the orthogonal transformation of the set of explanatory variables, the method could not yet gain wide acceptance. Factor analysis regression (FAR) provides a model-based estimation method which is particularly tailored to overcome multicollinearity in an errors-in-variables setting. In this paper two feasible versions of a FAR estimator are compared with the OLS estimator and the PCR estimator by means of Monte Carlo simulation. While the PCR estimator performs best in cases of strong and high multicollinearity, the Thomson-based FAR estimator proves to be superior when the regressors are moderately correlated.  相似文献   
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The increasing complexity of many products makes high demands on methods used for measuring consumer preferences. In such cases, practitioners frequently use Adaptive Conjoint Analysis (ACA). However, compositional approaches also proved to be efficient. Recently, Srinivasan and Netzer (2011) suggested a promising compositional technique called the Adaptive Self-Explicated Approach (ASE), which significantly outperformed ACA regarding its predictive validity. Another advantageous approach, called Pairwise Comparison-based Preference Measurement (PCPM), was introduced by Scholz et al. (2010). This paper contrasts the popular ACA with these two new compositional approaches and discusses the validity results of an empirical study in the leisure industry. For two out of three criteria PCPM partly leads to a significantly higher predictive validity and a halving of the survey time. As products and services become more complex, multi-attribute preference meas urement techniques have to cope with a large number of attributes. Particularly Adaptive Conjoint Analysis (ACA) and compositional approaches are often applied to complex products. Two new alternative compositional approaches have been recently proposed, the Adaptive Self-Explicated Approach (ASE, Srinivasan und Netzer 2011) as well as Pairwise Comparison-based Preference Measurement (PCPM, Scholz et al. 2010). In first empirical applications, the authors found that the predictive validity of ASE and PCPM was significantly higher than that of ACA. In an empirical study involving theme parks, we compare ASE and PCPM as well as the benchmark ACA with respect to several criteria of validity. We find that the predictive validity is significantly higher for the PCPM with respect to two (out of three) criteria. Moreover, the PCPM survey was about half the length of the ACA survey.  相似文献   
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The efficiency of publicly financed training measures is discussed. Findings concerning evaluation have for the most part diverged as a result of data problems. The article examines the efficiency of publicly financed training programs for East Germany which aim at reintegrating unemployed persons. The analysis is based on longitudinal data of the ?Berufsverlaufsstudie Ostdeutschland“ (occupational trajectories in East Germany) for the period 1990–1997. Analytically, the effect of training measures is split into a ?human capital“ and an ?institutional“ effect. Both effects are analyzed in a multivariate event history model. They operate in contrary directions: the institutional effect is marked by delayed reintegration of unemployed into work whereas the human capital effect results in better labour market chances due to additional credentials. In times of rapidly changing labour market structures the institutional effect overrides the human capital effect. In the East German transformation process, publicly financed training measures have not proved to bean efficient political instrument to speed up the reintegration of the unemployed people into gainful employment.  相似文献   
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Previous research has shown adverse effects of growing up under unilateral divorce laws on long-term outcomes of children. It remains an open question of whether these effects of early childhood conditions arise due to divorce laws raising the likelihood of parental marital disruption or whether unilateral divorce laws also affect children in intact marriages by changing intra-household bargaining. Using recently available data from SHARELIFE for 11 Western European countries, we address this question employing a difference-in-differences approach and controlling for childhood family structure and socioeconomic status. Like previous research, we find adverse effects of growing up under unilateral divorce laws on the well-being of children. This effect remains even when controlling for childhood variables. We conclude that unilateral divorce laws affect children by changing family bargaining in intact marriages.  相似文献   
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This article discusses the use of mixture models in the analysis of longitudinal partially ranked data, where respondents, for example, choose only the preferred and second preferred out of a set of items. To model such data we convert it to a set of paired comparisons. Covariates can be incorporated into the model. We use a nonparametric mixture to account for unmeasured variability in individuals over time. The resulting multi-valued mass points can be interpreted as latent classes of the items. The work is illustrated by two questions on (post)materialism in three sweeps of the British Household Panel Survey.  相似文献   
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