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Deprivation index for small areas in Spain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Carmen?Sánchez-CantalejoEmail author Ricardo?Ocana-Riola Alberto?Fernández-Ajuria 《Social indicators research》2008,89(2):259-273
The term deprivation is often used to refer to economic or social shortages in a given geographical area. This concept of
deprivation has been identified for years using simple indicators such as income level, education and social class. One of
the advantages of using simple indicators is the availability of data, since they come directly from sources of information
like censuses and population registers. However, the main disadvantage of these indicators is their limited usefulness when
measuring a concept as complex as deprivation with a single variable. One possible solution to this problem is using compound
indices, made up of a combination of simple indicators. For years, the concept of material deprivation in Spain has been measured
using indices or indicators imported from other countries. However, there are no studies that investigate if all of these
variables are really related to material deprivation in Spain. In this context, the objective of this study is to create a
synthetic index for material deprivation for the municipalities in Spain, bearing in mind the variables available from the
Population and Housing Census. The index was built on a principal components factor analysis. The analysis showed two factors.
The first factor showed a high positive correlation to the variables relating to illiteracy rate, unemployment rate and percentage
of manual labourers, while the second factor was seen as highly positively correlated to the variables relating to the percentage
of homes without access to a vehicle and the dependency index and also correlated, though negatively, to the percentage of
foreigners between 16 and 49 who lived abroad in 1991. The variables that make up the first factor can be considered to be
an approximation of the concept of deprivation in Spain. This study proposes a deprivation index made up of three simple indicators
available from national information sources: percentage of illiteracy, percentage of unemployment and percentage of manual
labourers. With this index, the criteria for measuring deprivation in Spanish municipalities can be unified and a comparison
of the results of the different studies in our context facilitated. 相似文献
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A Central Limit Theorem in Non‐parametric Regression with Truncated,Censored and Dependent Data
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Han‐Ying Liang Jacobo de Uña‐álvarez María del carmen Iglesias‐pérez 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》2015,42(1):256-269
On the basis of the idea of the Nadaraya–Watson (NW) kernel smoother and the technique of the local linear (LL) smoother, we construct the NW and LL estimators of conditional mean functions and their derivatives for a left‐truncated and right‐censored model. The target function includes the regression function, the conditional moment and the conditional distribution function as special cases. It is assumed that the lifetime observations with covariates form a stationary α‐mixing sequence. Asymptotic normality of the estimators is established. Finite sample behaviour of the estimators is investigated via simulations. A real data illustration is included too. 相似文献
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