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1.
Per Engström 《Social Choice and Welfare》2011,37(1):139-147
The article extends Ng’s (Am Econ Rev 77(1):186–191, 1987) model of optimal taxation of diamond goods—goods that are valued solely for their costliness. We extend his findings by analyzing how other goods should be taxed in
the presence of pure diamond goods; modified Ramsey rules are derived in a basic single-type model as well as in a two-type
model with redistribution. One key finding, that may be surprising and rather provoking, is that close complements (hip hop
music) to diamond goods (bling bling) should be heavily subsidized. 相似文献
2.
Eva Dahlkvist Annika Nilsson Kirsti Skovdahl Maria Engström 《Journal of Housing for the Elderly》2013,27(1):85-106
This article aims to describe the characteristics of and design elements in gardens/patios at 87 residential living homes for older people and to describe and compare residents’ and staff members’ perceptions of outdoor spaces. The aim was also to investigate factors related to residents' satisfaction with and stays in the garden/patio. The result showed that many gardens/patios had several recommended design elements and, at the same time, obvious deficiencies. The residents (n = 415) valued various aspects of the garden/patio more highly than did the staff (n = 667). Managers responsible for residential living homes for elderly people should take measures to ameliorate deficiencies and deficient elements in design and accessibility that are lacking so that the garden/patio can be used as an important health promotion resource in the care of elderly people. Residents and staff are important actors in such development work. 相似文献
3.
Arvid Kappas Ursula Hess Carol L. Barr Robert E. Kleck 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》1994,18(4):263-280
Two studies were conducted using video records of real faces and three-dimensional schematic faces to investigate the perceptual distortions introduced by viewing faces at a vertical angle and their influence on the attribution of emotional expressions and attitudes. The results indicate that faces seen from below were perceived as morepositive and lessnegative, while faces seen from above appeared morenegative and lesspositive. This effect seems to be moderated by interindividual differences in facial morphology, and perhaps by differences in dynamic aspects of expressions. The second study investigated the respective contribution of the upper half and the lower half of the face to the perceptual distortion found. In general, judges based their attributions of emotional state more on cues from the upper half of the face. 相似文献
4.
Temporal Aspects of Facial Displays in Person and Expression Perception: The Effects of Smile Dynamics,Head-tilt,and Gender 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Recent work suggests that temporal aspects of facial displays influence the perception of the perceived authenticity of a
smile. In the present research, the impact of temporal aspects of smiles on person and expression perception was explored
in combination with head-tilt and gender. One hundred participants were shown different types of smiles (slow versus fast
onset) in combination with three forms of head-tilt (none, left, or right) exhibited by six computer-generated male and female
encoders. The encoders were rated for perceived attractiveness, trustworthiness, dominance, and the smiles were rated for
flirtatiousness and authenticity. Slow onset smiles led to more positive evaluations of the encoder and the smiles. Judgments
were also significantly influenced by head-tilt and participant and encoder gender, demonstrating the combined effect of all
three variables on expression and person perception.
相似文献
Arvid KappasEmail: |
5.
Ursula Hess Arvid Kappas Gregory J. McHugo Robert E. Kleck John T. Lanzetta 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》1989,13(2):121-137
Twenty subjects judged 80 video segments containing brief episodes of smiling behavior for expression intensity and happiness of the stimulus person. The video records were produced under instructions to (a) pose, (b) experience a happy feeling or (c) to both experience and show a happy feeling. An analysis of the integrated facial electromyogram (EMG), recorded over four muscle regions (zygomaticus major, depressor anguli oris, corrugator supercilii, andmasseter), showed that judgments of happiness and of intensity of expression could be predicted in a multiple regression analysis (multipleR = .64 for perceived happiness and .79 for perceived expression intensity). The perception of happiness was affected by EMG activity in regions other thanzygomaticus major. The use of parameters other than the mean of the integrated EMG, namely variance, skewness, kurtosis and properties of the amplitude distributions across time, provided accurate classification of the elicitation conditions (pose happiness versus experience happiness) in a discriminant analysis. For the discrimination of posed and felt smiles variables describing aspects of facial activity in the temporal domain were more useful than any of the other measures. It is suggested that facial EMG can be a useful tool in the analysis of both the encoding and decoding of expressive behavior. The results indicate the advantage of using multiple-site EMG recordings as well as of using amplitude and temporal characteristics of the facial EMG measures.The research was supported in part by funds associated with the John Sloan Dickey Third Century Professorship (Kleck) and in part by grant BNS-8507600 from the National Science Foundation (Lanzetta). Ursula Hess and Arvid Kappas were supported by stipends from the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (German Academic Exchange Service). 相似文献
6.
Professional production of live TV combines real‐time and recorded video into a single broadcast stream. In “live” TV, non‐live “instant replay” footage can help viewers to make sense of what has just happened. This article shows how multi‐person TV production teams assemble timely and relevant instant replays that can be seamlessly combined with real‐time footage during live broadcasts. Detailed interaction analysis demonstrates how this work is dependent on coordinated practices, and how team members achieve this by orienting to narrative concerns across multiple temporalities to produce topically useful instant replays, displaying clip relevance, and help segueing transitions between the ongoing action and replay. We conclude by examining the interrelationships between the sequential flow of visual content, the role of talk in mediating time‐shifted visual alignments, and how members make their work visible and accountable to one another and to their intended audience. 相似文献
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This paper examines the importance of aspirations as reference points in a multi-period decision-making context. After stating their personal aspiration level, 172 individuals made six sequential decisions among risky prospects as part of a choice experiment. The results show that individuals make different risky-choices in a multi-period compared to a single-period setting. In particular, individuals’ aspiration level is their main reference point during the early stages of decision-making, while their starting status (wealth level at the start of the experiment) becomes the central reference point during the later stages of their multi-period decision-making. 相似文献
10.
Eli Torild Hellandsjø Bu Arvid Skutle 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2013,29(1):37-50
Changes in demographical and clinical features of treatment-seeking pathological gamblers, and their gambling preferences before and after the ban of slot machines in Norway from 1 July 2007. Is there an emergence of a new group of gamblers seeking treatment after the ban? The participants were 99 patients, 16 women and 83 men, with the mean age of 35 years. All were referred to the Bergen Clinics Foundation, Norway, for treatment of gambling addiction in the period October 2006 to October 2009. A comprehensive assessment package was applied, focusing on demographical characteristics, the severity of pathological gambling, mental health and substance use disorder. After the ban the mean age was significantly lower, and significantly more were highly educated, in regular employment, and married. Internet gambling and a sport betting game called Odds were the most common options, and gambling problems had become more severe with greater depth due to gambling, bad conscious, heavy alcohol consumption, and more suicidal thoughts and attempts. After the ban of slot machines, the characteristics of treatment-seeking gamblers have been changed, and with great implications for treatment strategies. 相似文献