政策调整适应劳动力市场灵活性

20世纪90年代以来,是中国从计划经济向市场经济转轨、市场经济体制逐步形成的过程。在这一过程中,政府对市场的直接干预程度弱化,劳动力市场机制对资源配置的基础性作用不断增强。与此同时,劳动立法和执法工作滞后,导致正规就业岗位越来越少,灵活就业和非正规就业比重极大增加,工作任期普遍缩短,劳动力流动率提高,而社会保障、就业服务机会不足,劳动者就业的稳定感极大地降低,劳动力市场的总体就业安全性降低。在这一过程中,政府进行了一系列的立法、制度和政策调整,来适应不断增强的就业灵活性。本文主要从劳动力市场制度政策的角度,对这些调整进行评价,并提出建议。     

Constituents of healthy workplaces

The aim of the study presented here was to identify and characterize the constituents of a healthy workplace from the viewpoints of employees at four different companies with low rate of absenteeism due to illness. A non-randomized, purposive selection was made of 27 respondents -- four department heads, 16 white-collar workers, and seven blue-collar employees. The respondents were told to describe in writing how they experience factors contributing to good health at their workplace. The data analysis was carried out with a phenomenographic approach. Four main categories of health-related factors emerged: Good Work Environment, Active Keep-Fit Measures, Functional Leadership and Individual Responsibility. The employers fulfil demands for a good physical working environment, but the need for improvements in the psychosocial environment remains. The most promising finding is that the respondents' accept personal responsibility for maintaining their own good health.     

Bias Reduction of Likelihood Estimators in Semiparametric Frailty Models

Abstract. Frailty models with a non‐parametric baseline hazard are widely used for the analysis of survival data. However, their maximum likelihood estimators can be substantially biased in finite samples, because the number of nuisance parameters associated with the baseline hazard increases with the sample size. The penalized partial likelihood based on a first‐order Laplace approximation still has non‐negligible bias. However, the second‐order Laplace approximation to a modified marginal likelihood for a bias reduction is infeasible because of the presence of too many complicated terms. In this article, we find adequate modifications of these likelihood‐based methods by using the hierarchical likelihood.     

完善城镇中低收入家庭住房保障体系的思考

广大中低收入者的收入与目前急速上涨的房价之间的差距,使得住房保障体系建立和完善的要求日益突出。针对廉租房和经济适用房制度中存在的问题,结合社会保障性住房的特点,提出了完善住房保障制度的建议。     

《魏书》《北史》本纪部分衔接系统对比研究

语篇衔接手段主要有语法衔接和词汇衔接两大类。以Halliday的衔接系统理论为框架,对《魏书》、《北史》两书的本纪部分从照应、省略、连接、重复、搭配、同义词和反义词等方面进行对比分析,发现尽管所叙述的史实相同,但《魏书》语篇更多依赖词汇手段达到衔接,而《北史》则更多利用语法手段达到衔接。