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Florian Brandl Felix Brandt Hans Georg Seedig 《Econometrica : journal of the Econometric Society》2016,84(5):1839-1880
Two fundamental axioms in social choice theory are consistency with respect to a variable electorate and consistency with respect to components of similar alternatives. In the context of traditional non‐probabilistic social choice, these axioms are incompatible with each other. We show that in the context of probabilistic social choice, these axioms uniquely characterize a function proposed by Fishburn (1984). Fishburn's function returns so‐called maximal lotteries, that is, lotteries that correspond to optimal mixed strategies in the symmetric zero‐sum game induced by the pairwise majority margins. Maximal lotteries are guaranteed to exist due to von Neumann's Minimax Theorem, are almost always unique, and can be efficiently computed using linear programming. 相似文献
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Interest in change interventions that are common to different models of relationship therapy has spurred investigation of enactments as one such candidate. In change-focused enactments, therapists structure and coach couple/family interaction, as opposed to channeling interaction through the therapist. Still, varying levels of couple/family distress, volatility, and reactivity mean that readiness for enactment intervention varies along a broad continuum and changes over the course of therapy. This suggests the need for differentiated enactments. Currently, however, no model exists for adapting enactments to changing relationship conditions. We propose a five-stage developmental model of clinical operations in couple therapy that adapts the process and structure of enactments to changing levels of relationship distress, interactional volatility, and emotional reactivity. The model increases the possibility for therapists to use enactments successfully over the entire course of couple therapy. Issues to be considered in using the couple enactments model as a template for the development of enactment models for other relationship systems are noted. 相似文献
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William K. Brandt Associate Professors Graduate School of Business James M. Hulbert Associate Professors Graduate School of Business Raimar Richers 《Long Range Planning》1980,13(6):23-31
This paper reviews the planning practices in multinational firms, focusing particularly on the relationship between subsidiaries and head offices during the planning process. It examines the planning problems experienced by multinationals using a simple paradigm to classify problems according to whether their origin was primarily with home office or with subsidiary; with the planning system itself or with the managers involved in running that system. 相似文献
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Qualitative Sociology - 相似文献
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David E. Brandt 《Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless》1993,2(4):305-313
Police work is generally assumed to be inherently stressful. However, research suggests that much of the stress associated with police work may be related to the organizational and administrative setting in which the work is conducted. This is consistent with the concept of social distress which proposes that stress is generated by the social system in which the individual functions. The implication of understanding police stress within this framework for the implementation of police stress management programs is discussed.Based on a paper presented to the Midwestern Criminal Justice Association, Chicago, IL, October 1989. 相似文献
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Brandon K. Burr Daniel S. Hubler Robert E. Larzelere Brandt C. Gardner 《Marriage & Family Review》2013,49(4):284-308
For years observational techniques along with other methods have sought to explore the relationships of couple interactional exchanges to marital quality and longevity. However, many of the previous methodological procedures used might be inadequate at capturing the influential micro-dimensional nuances of interpartner couple affective stability and reciprocity. This study explored the dyadic patterns in 23 married couples' continuous affect ratings during two communication episodes. Multilevel modeling was used to assess the structure in the stability of one's own affect and the influence of partner affect over 3-, 6-, and 9-second time lags. Implications regarding the use of nested models to explore patterns of actor and partner effects are discussed. 相似文献
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Social Networks,Social Cohesion,and Later-Life Health 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Our study contributes to the literature acknowledging the joint role of social networks and social cohesion in shaping individual’s health, focusing on the older population aged 50 and over. Exploiting rich ego-centered social network data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and following the conceptual model of social integration and health proposed by Berkman et al. (Soc Sci Med 51:843–857. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00065-4, 2000), we estimate multilevel models of self-reported and observer-measured later-life health outcomes. These models simultaneously account for (a) characteristics of 39,551 respondents’ personal social networks and (b) a measure of social cohesion—namely, participation in social organizations—across 57 Continental European regions, clustered in 14 countries. We find significant associations between individuals’ health and various social network characteristics (size, support, quality) as well as social cohesion. Moreover, cross-level interaction effects suggest that the social-network-health nexus is contextually bound. We conclude with a discussion of limitations and perspectives for future research. 相似文献
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Asthma is one of the most common health burdens on American families. An understanding of how the costs of asthma are distributed
across communities is essential to realizing cost savings from preventative care. We model the household’s utilization of
hospital services using Grossman’s health production framework. We then test for differences in asthma-related hospitalizations
by race using inpatient records from the Massachusetts Division of Health Care Finance. On average black and nonwhite-Hispanic
patients stayed between one-third and one-fourth of a day less than similar white patients which translates into a difference
in expenditures of $8 million over 1994–2002. The difference in expenditures raises questions for market-based methodologies
to value health and for policies directed at reducing inequalities in health outcomes. 相似文献