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Urban Ecosystems - Urbanisation can be dangerous to biological diversity, but on the other hand cities can enhance local and regional biodiversity by providing habitat analogues for many –... 相似文献
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Examination of the relationships between dietary restraint,alcohol, and adverse problems among women
Laura J. Buchholz Janis H. Crowther Jeffrey A. Ciesla 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2018,66(5):384-392
Objective: Women who report greater chronic dieting consume more alcohol, drink more frequently, and experience greater problems than women who report less chronic dieting. Alcohol may also temporarily disrupt a woman's dietary rules, leading to increased caloric intake and subsequent restriction. This study examined whether alcohol use mediated the relationship between dietary restraint and alcohol problems in a woman's daily life. Participants: Women (N = 59) completed the study by the fall of 2013. Methods: Participants completed up to six assessments for 10 days, including intended dietary restraint, alcohol use, and problems. Results: Drinking quantity partially mediated the relationship between dietary restraint and alcohol problems. For each drink consumed, there was a 1.4 times greater likelihood of eating after drinking, which was associated with greater intention to subsequently restrict calories. Conclusions: The types of drinks consumed and reasons for restricting one's caloric intake may inform the relationship between these behaviors. 相似文献
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Hans-Peter Blossfeld Sandra Buchholz Dirk Hofäcker Heather Hofmeister Karin Kurz Melinda Mills 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2007,59(4):667-691
This article deals with the effects of globalization on individual life courses and employment careers and the resulting changes in patterns of social inequality in modern societies. Empirically, we draw back to results from the international research project GLOBALIFE which studied the effects of globalization on modern life courses for the first time. The results show that the effects of globalization on individual life courses show marked differentiation with regards to specific life course phases: while especially the employment of mid-career men remained considerably stable under globalization, the careers of young adults, mid-career women as well as late-career workers underwent significant alterations. At the same time, results from the GLOABLIFE study indicate that the changes induced by globalization have not yet led to identical results at the national level. Globalization appears to be differentially filtered by deeply embedded and path-dependent national institutions. These “institutional packages” entail variable forms of labour market “flexibilisation” which themselves differentially shape patterns of social inequality in modern societies: While Scandinavian countries have largely succeeded in limiting an increase in social inequality under globalization through active public welfare engagement, globalization has led to a significant amplification of social inequalities in other regime types, either between labour market insiders and outsiders (in conservative and Southern European countries) or between individuals with different human capital resources (in liberal countries). 相似文献
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A conclusive story can be made out of equal absolute and equal proportional sacrifice rules if only income after some poll tax of equal total revenue is taken as basis for distributional comparisons. 相似文献
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Urbanisation is a growing global phenomenon having multiple ecological consequences. However, the effects of urbanisation on biodiversity remain ambiguous, and some evidence exists that cities provide valuable secondary habitats for many species, possibly mitigating regional biodiversity loss. Therefore, the value of urban sites for biodiversity depends on local habitat conditions and the configuration of the surrounding landscape. We aimed to disentangle the effects of local habitat parameters (management, plant diversity) and urban matrix variables (urbanisation, isolation) on carabid beetle and spider diversity and traits in informal urban green spaces in Berlin, Germany. Habitat management and isolation were the most important influences on carabid beetle and spider species and trait compositions. Spider communities of irregular managed sites contained 2.5 times more species of conservation concern than extensive (regular) managed sites. Moreover, irregular managed sites contained larger species (both for carabid beetles and spiders) and affected the hunting mode of spiders. Isolated sites tended to have lower spider species richness and number of spider species of conservation concern. Moreover, isolated sites were characterised by small, mobile and herbivorous carabid beetles. In contrast, urbanisation and local plant diversity had no effect on carabid beetles and spiders. We conclude that urban grasslands within residential areas – even if not targeted for conservation plans – can provide important habitats for conserving biodiversity, including species of conservation concern. Reducing the intensity of habitat management and increasing the connectivity of urban grassland sites can promote diverse arthropod communities and should therefore be considered in urban planning. 相似文献
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Elhagrasey Galal M. Harrison J. Richard Buchholz Rogene A. 《Journal of Management and Governance》1998,2(4):311-334
This paper examines CEO compensation, with an emphasis on the power of CEOs to influence their own compensation by managing the compensation process. It analyzes the CEO's power over the board of directors and the political tactics used by the CEO to manage the board and its compensation decisions. An empirical examination of CEO compensation in 203 large American manufacturing firms in 1985 illustrates the effect of CEO power on compensation and the flexibility available to the CEO in establishing the legitimacy of compensation. The implications of this perspective for management control of corporations and for CEO compensation research are considered. 相似文献
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Larissa Buchholz 《Theory and Society》2006,35(4):481-490
This is a discussion of a book by Kathryn Linn Geurts, Culture and the Senses. Bodily Ways of Knowing in an African Community, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002; and a book by Judith Farquhar, Appetites. Food and Sex in Post-Socialist China, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2002.
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Larissa BuchholzEmail: |
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In many studies a large number of variables is measured and the identification of relevant variables influencing an outcome
is an important task. For variable selection several procedures are available. However, focusing on one model only neglects
that there usually exist other equally appropriate models. Bayesian or frequentist model averaging approaches have been proposed
to improve the development of a predictor. With a larger number of variables (say more than ten variables) the resulting class
of models can be very large. For Bayesian model averaging Occam’s window is a popular approach to reduce the model space.
As this approach may not eliminate any variables, a variable screening step was proposed for a frequentist model averaging
procedure. Based on the results of selected models in bootstrap samples, variables are eliminated before deriving a model
averaging predictor. As a simple alternative screening procedure backward elimination can be used.
Through two examples and by means of simulation we investigate some properties of the screening step. In the simulation study
we consider situations with fifteen and 25 variables, respectively, of which seven have an influence on the outcome. With
the screening step most of the uninfluential variables will be eliminated, but also some variables with a weak effect. Variable
screening leads to more applicable models without eliminating models, which are more strongly supported by the data. Furthermore,
we give recommendations for important parameters of the screening step. 相似文献
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