Control Balance Theory and Violence: An Examination of Contingencies

Abstract

Control balance theory has been previously tested using measures of contingencies. This article builds upon these studies by using data collected from 460 undergraduate students to examine the role of constraints and sensation-seeking in the control balancing process. The findings provide partial support for control balance theory (i.e., that the control deficit and the control surplus both have significant links to predation). Examining the contingency effects showed that the influence of the control deficits and surpluses on deviance was conditioned by contingencies (i.e., high levels of sensation-seeking and low levels of constraint). The findings from this study suggest the need for further exploration of control balance theory, with the focus to shift to Tittle's 2004 revision of the theory.     

Parenting interventions in shelter settings: a qualitative systematic review of the literature

The aim of this literature review was to critique the state of the research on the effects of implementing parenting programmes in shelters for homeless families. A comprehensive search of multiple databases yielded 12 studies for inclusion. The methodological sophistication of the studies varied, with most investigations based on very small samples and one‐group pre‐post designs. Results indicated that parents generally viewed the interventions as enjoyable and informative, and attendance was good. Incentives were often used to encourage attendance. Evidence was limited in terms of effectiveness of the interventions, but the few studies of evidence‐based parenting programmes showed changes in parenting and child functioning. Suggestions are provided for future investigations in this important yet challenging field of study.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Jürgen H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik</Emphasis> und <Emphasis Type="Italic">Christof Wolf:</Emphasis> Advances in cross-national comparison. A European working book for demographic and socio-economic variables

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Jürgen H.P. Hoffmeyer-Zlotnik und Christof Wolf: Advances in cross-national comparison. A European working book for demographic and socio-economic variables New York/Boston/Dordrecht/London/Moscow: Kluwer academic/plenum publishers 2003. 413 Seiten. ISBN 0-306-47731-9. Preis: € 153,-

     

“The new majority” scholarly folklore studies on german white-collar culture

Since the 1880s various investigations into the everyday life of German white-collar workers have been conducted by social scientists, journalists and politicians. In 1929/30 Siegfried Kracauer published his famous study “The White-Collar Workers. News from Present-Day Germany”. Since then several academic disciplines have started to focus on the economic, organisational, medical, social and psychic aspects of everyday living and working conditions of white-collar workers. The corresponding cultural aspects, however, have so far met with almost total neglect. Including the recapitulated version of a case history on white-collar voluntary associations, the article suggests that more attention be paid to those social groups that constitute the majority of today's working population, not only in Germany, but in most Western countries.     

Ownership Structure and Firm Performance: Evidence from Israel

The study examines the effect of ownership structure on firm performance. We distinguish between family firms, firms controlled by partnerships of individuals, concern controlled firms, and firms where blockholders have less than 50% of the vote. The empirical work analyzes data on 280 Israeli firms and employs the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis. It is found that owner-manager firms are less efficient in generating net income than firms managed by a professional (non-owner) manager, and that family firms run by their owners perform (relatively) the worst. This evidence suggests that the modern form of business organization, namely the open corporation with disperse ownership and non-owner managers, promotes firm performance.     

Internal vs. External Successions and Their Effect on Firm Performance

An examination of 165 top management successionsin U.S. firms during 1989-91 reveals that externalsuccessions are more likely in small firms, in firmswith poor economic performance, and in firms which offer the successor several top positions (forexample, Chairman and CEO). This last findingillustrates that successor's interests and demands (suchas organizational power) are also important indetermining the final match between manager and firm. Wealso find that, on average, the postsuccessionperformance of external successors is superior to thatof internal successors. This could indicate that theBoard of Directors faces an agency problem, leadingit to appoint too often from inside.     

Sektion Familiensoziologie Bericht über die Arbeit der Sektion in 2003 und 2004

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