在国民经济中加速科技进步

一九八三年苏联生产有三万五千种新的机器、仪器、机组、自动化设施,一万一千多个自动化,机械化生产线和生产区。由于利用了国内科技成果,经济效益达二百七十亿卢布。 但是,现实提出了更高的要求。我们必须大力发展创造发明活动,在国民经济中积极利用科技成果,加速科学技术进步。 我们完全有条件对工程任务进行明确的、正确的计划,使发明者确立达到并超过世界先进水平的目标。但我们尚有不少疏忽,抽查表明:某些单位研制的一些新技术产品明显次于国外产品的技术性能。就实质而言,这样的技术无权称之为新技术。自然,在这种情况下的经济效益比真正解决新技术后要小得多。这就是实质。如果我们拟定新技术研制计划时,不能达到最新科研水平,我们就不能将这种低水平的研制合法化。     

对关于统计推断性质的十四个难以理解和有待澄清的问题的思考（下）

十四、概率上限和概率下限在理论和实际中有什么作用?　　由于具体的或认识上的概率的上、下限产生于不同的环境,短语概率“上限”和概率“下限”可以从不同的角度来解释。在格罗宁根,从20世纪70年代中期以来,就有一种对后验概率构造置信区间的传统[126,4]。在罗吉斯蒂回归中,即使对比例风险回归模型,也可得到类似的结果,见[70,17]。标准误和置信限加深了评估中涉及的统计不确定性的印象。除了这些统计不确定性外,还存在系统误差引起的不确定性:参数模型在某种程度上总是错误的。因此将精力集中在这些统计不确定性上多少是一种误导。然而在…     

对关于统计推断性质的十四个难以理解和有待澄清的问题的思考（中）

四、是否应该把非参数和半参数表示法强加进似然方法的框架中?　　但尼尔·贝努利[21]曾预言似然方法拥有渐进有效、对于大多数参数问题行之有效的可计算性等优点。如果参数的数目与观测值的数目成比例地增长,这些优点就会逊色不少。结果的不一致性和识别问题(属于变量误差模型     

威廉·布莱克与后现代主义

威廉·布莱克与后现代主义有诸多会通之处.布莱克关于对立面共处的思想与后现代主义消除逻各斯中心主义的等级关系的努力具有异曲同工的效果,对终极价值的信仰又使他超越了后现代主义可能导致的极端相对主义和虚无主义.布莱克对多元性的内在追求使他的文学作品具有鲜明的后现代主义文学的特征,即虚构与事实的结合、文学拼贴画、互文性.布莱克与后现代主义的对比表明,对多样性的追求不仅仅局限于后现代,而是内在于整个现代历史的.布莱克对多元性的执着追求使他的作品获得了超越其所处时代的价值.     

Immigration and the evolution of economic theory

This is a review of "the limited and scant contributions made to immigration theory in the context of the evolution of economic thought over a protracted historical time span." The economic theories considered include those of the mercantilists, Adam Smith, the classical economists, and J. M. Keynes. (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)     

Selecting a family therapy model: the role of personality attributes in eclectic practice*

The expanding knowledge and skill bases within the interdisciplinary family therapy profession pose a significant challenge for evolving practitioners, at whatever stage along the professional development process they find themselves. This challenge raises a basic question regarding whether there are any constraining forces to the level of eclecticism in practice towards which one can aspire. This paper empirically explores the role played by the personality attributes of the family therapist in facilitating and/or inhibiting one's adherence to a variety of approaches to family practice.     

Training with o (observing) and T (treatment) teams in live supervision: reflections in the looking glass*

Working with a treatment and observing team at the same time, behind the oneway mirror, offers a variety of ways to: (a) generate multiple realities; (b) work with two different models of family therapy simultaneously; and (c) provide feedback on the teams' own roles, rules and group process. The process that 6 trainees and two supervisors used with T and O teams to examine their own coevolution as a therapeutic system using the Milan model of family therapy and Ericksonian hypnotherapy is described. The article concludes with a discussion of the advantages and pitfalls of this type of dual supervision.     

AIDS as a political issue: working with the sexually prostituted in the Philippines

An estimated 200,000-500,000 men, women, and children work in prostitution in the Philippines in a variety of venues, including brothels, nightclubs, pubs, massage parlors, and other legitimate entertainment establishments. Few, however, are voluntary prostitutes. Many people who work as prostitutes have been recruited from the provinces, kept in conditions similar to slavery, and forced to earn money from prostitution to pay for their transportation, board, and lodging. Many prostitutes work in urban centers and tourist resorts in the countryside. During the 1970s, then President Ferdinand Marcos promoted tourism as a major industry, effectively marketing attractive Filipinas to tourists. Sex tourism has flourished in the country ever since. Thousands of prostitutes are also located in Olongapo and Angeles, 2 cities north of Manila, from where they serve the sexual desires of US military personnel. The presence of US military personnel in the Philippines has always been associated with prostitution. The country's social hygiene centers, prostitutes in Manila and Davao, and AIDS education are briefly discussed.     

International migration,international relations and foreign policy

Recent literature on migration, international relations, and foreign policy is reviewed in this article, stressing applications of global systems paradigms, studies of state entry and exit rules, and anatomies of domestic policy-setting processes on migration. After a concise assessment of the contemporary theory of global political economy, the paper argues for seeking mid-range generalizations on the international relations of migration. It also suggests that analysis begin with the policy-setting processes of the state. Especially through the use of comparative perspectives available from domestic policy making studies and from the field of international comparative public policy, this approach offers the opportunity to fix empirically the political roles of transnational social forces, which often present themselves as participants in domestic policy contests. Promising future directions in the study of state-to-state relations are also evaluated, with the anticipation that verifying regional or other intermediate patterns of world migration politics may contribute to more general theories of international political economy.