'For England and For Christ': The Gospel of Liberation and Subordination in Early Nineteenth Century Southern Africa

Abstract This paper argues that British evangelical missions in the early nineteenth century provided a cultural site for the building of national imaginings. Just as success in proselytizing confirmed the self-knowledge of salvation for individuals, so missionary enterprise demonstrated divine favour toward the nation. It is suggested that the mythological language of national self identity, elaborated by missionaries to South Africa, enabled, and even required, the projection of images of African inferiority. The implication is that the language of racial stereotyping and domination in nineteenth century South Africa was not simply an expression of competing claims to land and labour.     

THE WELFARE COSTS OF DEFICIT FINANCE

We analyze the welfare consequences of deficit finance in a general equilibrium model fit to the US. economy. Current spending may be financed with current and/or future distortionary taxes. The economy is open to international capital flows. The welfare costs of financing marginal current spending are substantial and are sensitive to the timing of the required taxes; postponing a tax on labor income is advantageous but postponing a tax on asset income is not. Ricardian equivalence poorly approximates the economy we consider.     

中澳企业员工离职与激励认知的跨文化比较研究

将HOFSTEDE提出的国家文化理论运用到人力资源管理中进行实证检验,对中国和澳大利亚两国企业员工的离职和激励行为背后的文化影响进行了分析研究。研究分析显示,相比澳大利亚企业员工,中国企业员工的离职倾向较低;可选择工作机会的主观感知对中国企业员工离职倾向的影响较小;中国企业员工认为职业发展是较重要的激励因素,而澳大利亚企业员工认为工作本身是较为重要的激励因素。研究结果表明,国家文化理论提出的5个文化差异维度中的"权利距离"、"不确定性规避"和"长期取向",在中澳两国企业员工的离职和激励问题上基本得到印证。     

BANK RESERVE REQUIREMENTS AS AN IMPEDIMENT TO SIGNALING

Effective legal reserve requirements may hamper the private capital market's ability to price bank deposits. In the model developed here, the market has less information about bank assets than the banks have, and a bank can therefore signal its superior information through its choice of excess reserves. Mandatory reserves can inhibit such signaling and therefore result in inefficient deposit pricing.     

TAXATION, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, AND LABOR SUPPLY A DIAGRAMMATIC EXPOSITION

The effects of a change in the level of taxation on labor supply are examined under the assumption that the government budget balances. The government spends tax revenues either on redistributions (which are assumed to have an income effect on labor supply) or on other government goods (which are assumed not to influence labor supply). In order for a rise in the tax rate to increase the quantity of labor supplied, it must be that (i) the labor-supply function bends backward, and (ii) sufficiently little of the increased tax revenues are redistributed. The quantity of labor supplied must fall if all marginal tax revenues are redistributed.