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1.
We study interdependent risks in security, and shed light on the economic and policy implications of increasing security interdependence in presence of reactive attackers. We investigate the impact of potential public policy arrangements on the security of a group of interdependent organizations, namely, airports. Focusing on security expenditures and costs to society, as assessed by a social planner, to individual airports and to attackers, we first develop a game-theoretic framework, and derive explicit Nash equilibrium and socially optimal solutions in the airports network. We then conduct numerical experiments mirroring real-world cyber scenarios, to assess how a change in interdependence impact the airports' security expenditures, the overall expected costs to society, and the fairness of security financing. Our study provides insights on the economic and policy implications for the United States, Europe, and Asia. 相似文献
2.
Summary The paper deals with missing data and forecasting problems in multivariate time series making use of the Common Components
Dynamic Linear Model (DLMCC), presented in Quintana (1985), and West and Harrison (1989).
Some results are presented and discussed: exploiting the correlation between series, estimated by the DLMCC, the paper shows
as it is possible to update state vector posterior distributions for the unobserved series. This is realized on the base of
the updating of the observed series state vectors, for which the usual Kalman filter equations can be applied.
An application concerning some Italian private consumption series provides an example of the model capabilities. 相似文献
3.
Fabio Corradi Giampietro Lago Federico M. Stefanini 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A, (Statistics in Society)》2003,166(3):425-440
Summary. The evaluation of nuclear DNA evidence for identification purposes is performed here taking account of the uncertainty about population parameters. Graphical models are used to detail the hypotheses being debated in a trial with the aim of obtaining a directed acyclic graph. Graphs also clarify the set of evidence that contributes to population inferences and they also describe the conditional independence structure of DNA evidence. Numerical illustrations are provided by re-examining three case-studies taken from the literature. Our calculations of the weight of evidence differ from those given by the authors of case-studies in that they reveal more conservative values. 相似文献
4.
Orsenigo Luigi Pammolli Fabio Riccaboni Massimo Bonaccorsi Andrea Turchetti Giuseppe 《Journal of Management and Governance》1997,1(2):147-175
The paper moves a step forward in the direction of establishing a connection between the structure and evolution of knowledge
bases and the structure and evolution of organizational forms in innovative activities in a science-intensive industry. The
paper has an explicit focus on the dynamics of the network of collaborative agreements in R&D in the pharma/biotech industry
after the “molecular biology revolution”. Using a comprehensive dataset, built by the authors integrating several sources
in the industry, the dynamics of the network over time is extensively analyzed. With regards to network structure, it is found
that, while the size of the network increases over time due to net flows of entry, its topological properties remain relatively
unchanged. The evolution of the network has occurred without relevant deformations in the core-periphery profile. With regards
to age-dependent propensity to collaborate, the paper finds that the extent of inter-generational collaboration is much more
significant than intra-generational collaboration. In addition, the propensity of firms of a given generation to enter into
collaboration with firms of a different generation increases with the distance between the two, while the total number of
intra-generational collaborations decreases over time and, moreover, tends to decrease for most recent generations. In the
paper a unitary and coherent explanation of the evidence is developed, coming to reveal the existence of a striking isomorphism
between structural properties of the dynamics of knowledge and of the evolution of network structure.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Social Indicators Research - We use Italian data from the Multipurpose Household Survey to explore how participation in social networking sites (SNS) such as Facebook and Twitter affects the most... 相似文献
6.
This paper discusses a novel strategy for simulating rare events and an associated Monte Carlo estimation of tail probabilities.
Our method uses a system of interacting particles and exploits a Feynman-Kac representation of that system to analyze their
fluctuations. Our precise analysis of the variance of a standard multilevel splitting algorithm reveals an opportunity for
improvement. This leads to a novel method that relies on adaptive levels and produces, in the limit of an idealized version
of the algorithm, estimates with optimal variance. The motivation for this theoretical work comes from problems occurring
in watermarking and fingerprinting of digital contents, which represents a new field of applications of rare event simulation
techniques. Some numerical results show performance close to the idealized version of our technique for these practical applications. 相似文献
7.
8.
Mara Del Baldo 《Journal of Management and Governance》2012,16(1):1-36
The study proposes to individuate the relationship between social engagement, social statements and governance of SMEs. Does
an adhesion to the philosophy and to the practices of CSR, which are reflected in a firm’s mission and accountability, positively
influences its governance? If so, is this influence more or less significant for SMEs with respect to large-sized firms? This
paper winds itself around these questions and describes the principle findings that have emerged from a qualitative investigation
focused on a selected group of “cohesive” Italian SMEs, in which their management complies with both economic and social issues.
The empirical study finds that the diffusion of CSR is tied above all to the entrepreneur’s values and orientation and to
the company embeddedness to the local socio-economic environment. The concluding reflections trace the features of a territorial
model of socially responsible orientation centered on the best practices of SMEs who are excellent examples of “spirited businesses”
and are part of a network (which includes institutions, trade associations, non-profit organizations, etc.) that contributes
to the diffusion of an orientation towards CSR and to sustainability across the territory. 相似文献
9.
Empirical studies have documented a decline in indicators of social participation in the last five decades. The responsibility of social disengagement has often been attributed to pervasive busyness and the increasing pressure on time. In this paper we argue that computer-mediated interaction, and particularly online networking, can help mitigate this downward trend. We develop a logical framework for assessing the role of the Internet in the evolution of social participation. We analyze an economy where agents can develop their social interactions through two main modes of participation, one encompassing both online networking and face to face interactions, and the other solely based on physical encounters. We study the interdependence between the increase in the pressure on time and the variation in the relative performance of the two strategies of participation. 相似文献
10.
Daniela Del Boca 《LABOUR》1994,8(2):259-277
ABSTRACT In this paper we analyze the relationship between post-divorce private transfers (child support and alimony), mothers' economic independence and children's welfare using US data. Our empirical results show that mothers who receive child support and alimony from absent fathers are more likely to work and to spend a higher proportion of the income on child-related goods. We argue that the pattern of empirical results is consistent with there being significant externalities between parents even after divorce. 相似文献