试论旅游业中的经济整合

“经济整合”是指两个或两个以上的公司紧密联系的方式。现今,经济整合在旅 游业中相当常见。旅游企业间的经济整合可作如下分类:(1)按整合方向分为垂直整合、水平整 合、聚集整合;(2)按所有权程度分为接管、合并、合资、无所有权;(3)按控制权程度分为完全控 制、特许经营、管理合同。其中,每一种整合都有其优势及劣势。在做出整合决定前,旅游企业 应仔细全面地考虑各类整合的优缺点,并且有必要参考同行业其它企业的做法及效果,然后针 对自身的特定情况作出决策。     

湖南学生英语语音音段音位学习中湘方言的负迁移作用

湖南学生受方言的影响根深蒂固,而湘方言语音和英语语音之间存在着很多差异,从而造成了湖南学生英语语音学习中的负迁移现象。如何减少负迁移从而改进并完善英语发音,是湖南的英语教师与学生应该特别重视的一个问题。     

Functional connectivity in urban landscapes promoted by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ramphastos toco</Emphasis> (Toco Toucan) and its implications for policy making

The scarcity of green areas in urban landscapes hinders connectivity among sites reducing the flux of organisms and seed dispersal. Ramphastos toco is an effective plant disperser in tropical landscapes, playing an important role in conserving plant connectivity. In this study we combined two methods of landscape connectivity analysis, in a way not yet explored, to assess the potential contribution of Ramphastos toco to enhancing connectivity among urban vegetation patches. We used spatial modeling techniques to evaluate least cost routes, or those that facilitate bird movement through green urban areas, in Belo Horizonte, a city in Southeast Brazil. We also assessed the relative importance of forest patches for conserving both bird and seed dispersal fluxes using the integral index of connectivity. The resulting least cost route of greater accessibility for the species included in its course an important forest patch under environmental licensing for the construction of a residential condominium. The number of green urban areas covered by forest, of highest habitat quality for the species, summed to 155 patches. Of this total only 5.2% were relevant for regional connectivity, while the four most important patches are targeted by the city’s expansion plans. Ramphastos toco is an effective connector for tropical green urban areas given its adaptability, wide range of movement and seed dispersal effectiveness. We emphasize the need for incorporating ecological knowledge and the prioritization of green areas into city planning, since current expansion projects jeopardize forest patches that are crucial to the functional connectivity of the urban landscape.     

Ergonomic evaluation of processes and products in the manufacture of upholstery

This study aimed to perform an ergonomic evaluation of industrial processes and products - upholstered sofas - produced in the furniture cluster of Ubá-MG. The used material was collected from two sofas upholstered industries associated with the union of the furniture industries of Ubá region, located in Minas Gerais estate, Brazil. As for the product were evaluated dimensionally 29 upholstered sofas, with 12 being produced by industry "A" and 17 being produced by industry "B". As for the process, were evaluated: the socioeconomic profile of the worker and environmental factors of lighting and noise. The main results of this study showed that the upholstered sofas produced by industries, in general, fulfilled to the recommendations set out in the work in relation to the backrest height and useful seat depth. All the sofas, however, proved to be inadequate in relation to the seat height to the floor and the dimensions of the armrests Regarding environmental aspects, it was observed that in both industries, the activities in most jobs are performed under adverse conditions to the health and safety of workers and nonconformity with the limits set by Brazilian regulatory standard used in this work.     

陕西高等教育的现状、存在问题及创新途径

陕西高等教育规模发展之迅速,前所未有,但在迅速的进程中蕴含了不少危机因素,诸如高等教育的经费与条件、规模与质量、入学与就业等问题。如果处理不好其中任一环节,满足经济和社会发展、追求教育民主和平等的高等教育大众化这一目标就不可能真正实现。因此,预防诸多危机的出现,高等教育的改革与创新迫在眉睫,同时要处理好改革,发展和稳定的关系,保障高等教育事业健康发展。     

安徽特色农业可持续发展研究

当前安徽特色农业呈不断发展趋势:专业化和产业化不断增强、基础设施逐步改善、科技扶持力度不断增强、农业旅游等功能有所拓展。但是也存在优良品种保护和开发力度不够,生产技术水平相对较低,基层农技推广和农村实用人才难以满足需求,基础设施建设投入不足,主产区生态环境保护不够,产业化有待推进,休闲、观光旅游功能拓展缓慢等问题。建议从五个方面推进安徽特色农业可持续发展:加强基层农业科技人才开发;推进特色农业产业化发展;加强优良品种开发与保护;完善农业基础设施建设;保护生态环境,发展农业旅游。     

Analysis of ergonomic furniture made of wood and sub-products from renewable forests

The furniture ergonomic evaluation was carried out through the use of questionnaires and forms in industries. For the ergonomic product analysis, it was used the methodology "Object Ergonomics - Ergonomic System Technical Reading" (design goals and management actions), and measurements of products. The values achieved were compared with the standard dimensions, and the compliance or non-compliance of the furniture to it was assessed. In relation to the dimensions of the bed, the following variables did not comply with the norms: external and internal length, external and internal width, height and width of the sidebar and distance to the floor. The dimensions of these variables were above the recommended values. The double bed was inadequate for management actions and maintenance. Since the kitchen cabinet is a product that went through physical testing and follows national standards; the finish used is powder coating. The kitchen cabinet proved to be appropriate in all design requirements and for management actions. Both furniture pieces were inadequate, considering the difficulty for maintenance when a product or part of it was damaged. It was recommended the creation of regulatory standards for the production of safe and comfortable furniture.     

An overview of occupational accidents notification systems within the enlarged EU

This paper describes a comparative analysis of the official forms used for reporting occupational accidents within the EU-27 member states. The comparison is based on two analysis grids (coding schedule) created to that effect, which incorporate a set of evaluation criteria and an interpretation key. The results obtained in the analysis allowed for attention to be drawn to the relevant attributes of such forms in terms of their content and format/structure. It also revealed the main similarities and differences between each country, providing a complete assessment of the 27 member states. The discussion gives account of the level of implementation of the "new" Eurostat variables within the European Statistics of Accidents at Work (ESAW). Furthermore, the study shows that certain formats (structure of information fields) appear to facilitate completeness of the information collected. It has also demonstrated that the European harmonisation process is still far from completion, although the newcomer states seem to be adjusting quickly to the process. The findings of this study may bring useful insights to national authorities and European policy-makers, or to employers/enterprises wishing to implement their internal procedures aligned with the ESAW methodology. The scientific community is another interest group, whose research relies on official statistics, preferably comparable across all countries.     

农村土地流转中存在的问题及对策探讨——以晋中市太谷县为例

土地流转促进了农业产业结构的调整和规模经营的发展,提高了土地资源的使用效率,实现了土地资源的合理流动和优化配置,在推进现代农业建设同时,取得了良好的社会和经济效益。以晋中市太谷县为例着重阐述农村土地流转中存在的流转手续不规范、流转机制不完善、流转中介不健全、政策宣传不到位等问题,并就如何建立和完善土地使用权流转机制提出相关政策建议。