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1.
This study examines the relationships among personal coping resources, social support, external coping resources, job stressors and job strains in a sample of 110 American Telephone and Telegraph employees undergoing a major organizational restructuring. The study expanded on a model suggested by Ashford (1988) by defining another category of coping resources that employees may draw upon to deal with the stressors and strains which occur during major organizational changes. External coping resources were defined as those which provided employees with a sense of 'vicarious control' in stressful situations. Results indicated that personal coping resources, social support and external coping resources had a direct effect upon job stressor and strain levels. No 'buffering' effect of these coplng resources was found. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that external coping resources added to the prediction of job stressors and strains even when pertonal coping resources and social support were entered first into the prediction questions. 相似文献
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This qualitative study reports on thirteen assisted living (AL) administrators' perspectives of the role and the importance of the AL social worker in addressing the unmet needs of older adults as they move and transition into AL. Participant interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Administrators described 5 AL social work roles: (a) decision-making and adjustment coordinator; (b) resident advocate; (c) mental health assessor and counselor; (d) family social worker; and (e) care planner. Implications include directly examining AL social workers' views, analyzing costs and benefits of employing AL social workers, and developing social work practicum sites within AL. 相似文献
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Gary S. Fields 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2010,8(4):409-427
This paper develops a new class of measures of mobility as an equalizer of longer-term incomes—a concept different from other notions such as mobility as time-independence, positional movement, share movement, income flux, and directional income movement. A number of properties are specified leading to a class of indices, one easily-implementable member of which is applied to data for the USA and France. Using this index, income mobility is found to have equalized longer-term earnings among US men in the 1970s but not in the 1980s or 1990s. In France, though, income mobility was equalizing throughout, and it has attained its maximum in the most recent period. 相似文献
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Textbook analysis tells us that in a competitive labor market, the introduction of a minimum wage above the competitive equilibrium
wage will cause unemployment. This paper makes three contributions to the basic theory of the minimum wage. First, we analyze
the effects of a higher minimum wage in terms of poverty rather than in terms of unemployment. Second, we extend the standard
textbook model to allow for income-sharing between employed and unemployed persons in society. Third, we extend the basic
model to deal with income sharing within families. We find that there are situations in which a higher minimum wage raises poverty, others where it reduces poverty, and yet others in which poverty is unchanged. We characterize precisely how the poverty effect depends on four parameters: the degree of poverty aversion, the elasticity
of labor demand, the ratio of the minimum wage to the poverty line, and the extent of income-sharing. Thus, shifting the perspective
from unemployment to poverty leads to a considerable enrichment of the theory of the minimum wage.
相似文献
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Union political activity has always been controversial, even among union members. Research has shown that a sizable minority
of union members question the propriety of union political involvement and disagree with union leaders on public policy issues.
It has also shown, however, that union members’ commitment to the union may be positively associated with members’ political
support. This study extends this research by statistically estimating the relationship between union commitment and members’
support for their national union’s political involvement. Based on the questionnaire responses of several hundred local union
members, the findings support a positive relationship between union commitment and political support.
The authors wish to thank John Delaney and Cynthia Fisher and an anonymous referee for their comments on an earlier draft
of the paper. They also wish to thank the numerous union participants in the study. 相似文献
9.
Gary S. Fields 《Journal of Policy Modeling》1981,3(3):295-315
Economists have concentrated on aggregate economic growth to measure countries' development progress and in recent years have also considered income distribution performance. This paper reverses the conventional emphasis by placing income distribution at the forefront. I examine what is known about the distributions of income and poverty in the developing countries of the world and probe the correlations between poverty, inequality, and development. I explore the main sources of inequality and the extent to which individual countries have managed to alleviate poverty and reduce inequality in the course of economic growth. Employing evidence from case studies of six developing nations. I suggest some explanations for differing patterns of development and call for development planning founded on a firm commitment to helping the poor. 相似文献
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