试论黑龙江地区民族民间剪纸的开发

本文认为对于中华民族传统文化重要组成部分之一的黑龙江民族民间剪纸艺术,要大力挖掘、创新、开发,使之迅速走向市场,成为黑龙江省旅游纪念品的主要品种;并提出了开发黑龙江地区民族民间剪纸的具体建议。     

For love or money: Costs of child care by relatives

A substantial proportion of employed mothers of young children, especially low-income mothers, use relatives to provide child care. This study uses data on interhousehold exchange of gifts, loans, and household services from the National Survey of Families and Households to examine monetary and nonmonetary costs of child care by relatives. Results show that mothers who use relatives for child care are more likely to give services and to have given gifts or loans to other relatives living outside the household than mothers using other forms of child care or mothers who are not employed. Monetary payments for child care by relatives are made more often for full-time than part-time care and less often to grandparents than to other relatives providing care. Implications for government child care assistance programs are discussed. Preparation of this paper was supported in part by the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. The author acknowledges the helpful comments of Marianne Ferber, Andrea Beller, and Sharon Y. Nickols. Her research interests include issues relating to women's employment, including child care and house-hold time allocation. She received her Ph.D. in Family and Consumption Economics from the University of Illinois. Send all correspondence to author.     

Why does zeno the stoic hold his breath? "Zenoism" as a new variable for studying suicide

A single misfortune may be seen as just that, or may be interpreted as Zeno the Stoic did, as a "sign" of cosmic proportion (zenoizing), which paradoxically provides a missing meaning structure. This article presents two studies testing out this new variable (zenoism): in Study One (n = 233), we explore the moderating effects of religiosity and gender on zenoism, depression, demoralization, and suicidality. In Study Two (n = 137), we explore these same moderating effects on zenoism, fear of dependency, value of life, and favorability toward physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Results indicate: 1) men and non-religious respondents (especially men) zenoize more than women and religious respondents; 2) non-religious respondents, (especially men) are more generally favorable to PAS and more suicidal; 3) Zenoism is negatively related to depression, demoralization, and value of life for non-religious respondents, and for men; 4) Zenoism is positively related to favorability toward PAS toward one's self and overall suicidality; and finally 5) general and self-specific favorability toward PAS are distinct, but both relate to overall suicidality.