Children's altruism in public good and dictator experiments

We examine the development of altruistic and free-riding behavior in 6-12 year-old children. We find that the level of altruistic behavior in children is similar to that of adults but that repetition has a different effect. Younger children's contributions of older children, like those of adults, tend to decline. Group attachment is associated with higher contributions. Contributions in a subsequent dictator experiment are correlated with first-round contributions in the public good experiment, but are not strongly correlated with last-round contributions.     

先进文化与民族复兴

文化能为我们提供民族凝聚力和精神动力 ,在民族复兴中发挥着先导与灵魂的作用 ;一个没有自己文化的民族注定要被人奴役 ;即使在经济发展方面 ,文化也会在制度和精神层面施加影响。因此 ,加强文化建设是实现民族复兴的题中应有之义。我们要建设的文化 ,不是一般文化 ,而是先进文化。建设先进文化 ,首先要牢牢把握先进文化的前进方向 ;其次要逐步实现传统文化的现代转换 ,使之成为当代中国先进文化的有机组成部分 ;再次 ,应通过普遍的文化交往 ,批判地汲取资本主义的文化经验 ,借以发展先进文化     

From bedside to bench: does mental and physical activity promote cognitive vitality in late life?

A wide range of animal and human studies provide evidence for the potential of physical and cognitive exercise in promoting cognitive health later in life. The effects of such activities on intermediate outcomes, such as cognitive performance, are becoming clearer, as are the molecular mechanisms involved. Physical and cognitive exercise might increase "cognitive reserve" and increase the overall health of the brain, thereby reducing or delaying cognitive impairment and dementia. However, conclusive evidence for such benefits is not yet established. The third annual Bedside to Bench conference, cosponsored by The American Geriatrics Society and the National Institutes of Health's National Institute on Aging, reviewed current knowledge regarding the role of physical and cognitive exercise in promoting cognitive vitality. Conference attendees identified gaps in our current understanding of these processes and recommended next steps for research. In particular, researchers will need to explore clinical issues related to the timing, intensity, and duration of various types and combinations of physical and cognitive activities in animal models to elucidate the mechanisms involved and inform the design of future human studies. The concept of the enriched environment currently employed in animal studies to promote physical activity, socialization, and problem solving should be explored in human studies.