Religion,public policy,and the education of Micmac Indians of Nova Scotia, 1605–1872*

L'Caréducation des Indiens Micmacs de la Nouvelle-Ecosse est analysée par rapport aux perspectives idéologiques qui ont informé les decisions des administrateurs publics et l'car?uvre des missionnaires à partir de 1605 jusquà 1872. Les données historiques indi-quent que la politique de l'carEtat et de l'carEglise, française ou anglaise, avait pour but l'carassimi-lation des Micmacs à la culture dominante de l'carEurope qu'on a présumée supérieure. On a perçu l'caréducation comme le principal moyen d'carassimilation. Les Micmacs n'avaient de contrôle ni sur leur propre éducation ni sur la formulation de la politique à leur égard. Education of the Micmac Indians of Nova Scotia is examined in terms of the ideological perspectives that informed the decisions of public administrators and the work of the missionaries from 1605 to 1872. Historical evidence indicates that both church and state policy, whether French or English, had as their goal the assimilation of the Micmac Indians to the dominant European culture that was assumed to be superior. Education was perceived as the principal means of achieving assimilation. Micmacs had no control over their own education, and virtually no say in formulating policy.     

Community Care for the Elderly -- Rhetoric and Reality

Correspondence to A.C. Bebbington, Assistant Director, Personal Social Services Research Unit, Cornwallis Building, The University, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NF. Summary This paper investigates the management and delivery of carefor 176 elderly people receiving both community health and socialservices. These people represent a crucial group if the communitycare policy is to become a reality, and they receive high serviceslevels. The study provides both quantitative and qualitativeevidence of inadequate case management and lack of co-ordinationin providing care. Assessment, determining services, and reviewwere all inefficiently managed. Liaison was non-existent forthe majority, and opportunities for substitution were missed.There could be conflict over role, particularly in relationto personal care. Innovations designed to tackle these problemsremain limited in scale. These difficulties are recognized andaddressed by the 1989 White Paper ‘Caring for People’which makes a number of proposals to clarify responsibilitiesand accountability. The different professional assumptions andwork practices among the plurality of agencies providing carewill need to be resolved if community care is ever to offera realistic alternative to care in institutions for increasingnumbers of people with high levels of dependency.     

In the wake of the wave: globalization,networks, and the experiences of transmigrant seafarers in northern Germany

Abstract In this article we highlight the plight of workers trapped at the interface between the national and the global: able to participate in global labour markets but marginalized within nation‐states and excluded from local communities. We employ ethnographic field work to explore the experiences of transmigrant seafarers who travelled to northern Germany between the 1960s and 1980s in search of work aboard German flagged vessels. We describe how the economic benefits associated with an international labour market for seafarers initially attracted and benefited them but then left them stranded as the labour market changed and became globalized. In the article we draw on Massey's concept of power‐geometry to interpret the dual processes of globalization and exclusion.     

Polls in the Media: Content, Credibility, and Consequences

Polls appearing in the New York Times and on the CBS and NBCevening news programs for three years are categorized, theirtreatment by the media dissected, and their possible politicalimplications analyzed.     

就这样被你征服

宝宝来了，是计划外“编制”。我完全不知道自己怀孕了。因为此前我正和他经历婚姻的考验。我想要一个顶天立地的丈夫，想要他有十全的本领、事业发达。不必有大的功名，却至少要能够成为我孩子的榜样，值得我的宝宝钦佩和敬慕。     

SCALING THE DIGITAL DIVIDE: HOME COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT

Does differential access to computer technology at home compound the educational disparities between rich and poor? Would a program of government provision of computers to early secondary school students reduce these disparities? We use administrative data on North Carolina public school students to corroborate earlier surveys that document broad racial and socioeconomic gaps in home computer access and use. Using within‐student variation in home computer access, and across‐ZIP code variation in the timing of the introduction of high‐speed Internet service, we also demonstrate that the introduction of home computer technology is associated with modest, but statistically significant and persistent negative impacts on student math and reading test scores. Further evidence suggests that providing universal access to home computers and high‐speed Internet access would broaden, rather than narrow, math and reading achievement gaps. (JEL I2, J24)     

The strategies that bind: NGO coalitions and their influence

Abstract This article examines NGOs as strategic organizations that form coalitions in order to influence other actors, particularly international financial institutions. It has three primary aims: to examine NGOs as strategic organizations; to look at a particular type of NGO network, the coalition, which unlike a network involves more value and commitment; and to assess the factors that contribute to their strategies such as changes to the NGO environment. To do this, the resource dependency perspective is utilized to evaluate the influence of various resources (funding, legitimacy and information) on NGOs’ organizational strategy. Oxfam International, the NGO Working Group on the World Bank, and the Bretton Woods Project are three NGO coalitions examined. I conclude that there are differences between NGO networks and coalitions and that the coalitions strategically act and react to changing resources in their environments.     

Sexually Abused Children's and Young People's Perspectives on Investigative Interviews

Correspondence to Helen Westcott, Lecturer in Psychology, Gardiner Building, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA Summary The findings of a small qualitative study of sexually abusedchildren's and young people's experiences in investigative interviewsare presented. Fourteen children, nine girls and five boys,aged six to eighteen years participated. They were questionedabout all aspects of the investigative interview: its location,duration, structure and content. Additionally, the childrenwere asked about the presence of others during the interview,and their feelings concerning the interview, as well as whatthey liked/disliked, found helpful/unhelpful, about the interviewand interviewers. A number of issues were raised by the youngpeople, concerning their choice about what was happening (e.g.where the interview was held and who was present), as well asdifficulties with some interviewers' language, and problemswith evidential requirements for specific details. The interviewswere experienced as stressful by the majority of children. Methodologicalissues are highlighted, and the findings are discussed in thelight of recent legislation affecting children, especially the1991 Criminal Justice Act and ‘Memorandum of Good Practice’.     

Defending Community Care: Can Normalization do the Job?

Correspondence to Helen Smith, Lecturer in Mental Health, Centre for the Applied Psychology of Social Care, The University, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7LZ. Summary One of the major reasons for the confusion around communitycare is the lack of an ideology to guide and influence its implementation.Normalization is probably the most relevant theory in this fieldyet it is riven with contradictions and conflicts. This articleexamines these conflicts and proposes that normalization needsto develop a perspective on power and powerlessness if it isto respond adequately to the challenges of providing communitycare in the 1990s.