Fire and restoration of the largest urban forest of the world in Rio de Janeiro City,Brazil

National Park of Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) is about 3,300 ha and considered the largest urban forest in the world. Its floristic composition is typical of Atlantic Rain Forest. The reserve is being altered because of fire occurrences and urban expansion. This study identified locations and causes of forest fires, and makes management recommendations to restore damaged areas. From 1991 to 2000, forest firefighters recorded an average of 75-fire occurrences/year. Identified causes included hot air balloons (24%), intentional (24%), rubbish burning (21%) and religious practices (17%). Primary fuels included invasive grasses and ferns. Although hot air balloons destroyed larger areas of forest in each occurrence, a greater number of fires started in the invasive vegetation along roads that bisect the forest. In response to recurrent forests, invasive vegetation has spread gradually into the forest increasing forest degradation. To decrease fire damage, sites with high fire frequencies and density of invasive vegetation were planted with less flammable species. Results indicate that fire frequency decreased and density of invasive vegetation declined. This approach appears to prevent fire incidence, reduce the need for fire fighting, and preserve existing biodiversity.     

城市道路交通问题与对策探讨

从中国大城市交通堵塞现象着手,研究了机动车辆的增加与道路通行能力的关系,以及机动车迅速增长所带来的环境污染问题,分析了问题产生的原固及其危害程度,探讨改善城市交通的途径和解决的方案,提出适当限制个人轿车,积极发展轨道交通,规划建设中心网络城市的现点。     

技术工人在企业人力资本中的定位解析

人力资本是企业核心能力的载体 ,这一趋势已不容争辩 ,而技术工人似乎受到了冷落。鉴于此 ,笔者试图从技术工人在人力资本中的理论定位入手 ,找出建立技术工人定位的支撑体系 ,为整个人力资本的飞跃以及企业竞争力的整体提高构筑高位平台     

新形势下高校思想政治教育过程的行为分析

思想政治教育的过程是客体作用于主体，并通过主体不断内化的过程，其效果与教育者和被教育者的行为动机密切相关。本文以高校思想政治工作的教育者和被教育者为研究对象，通过分析他们在实施和接受思想教育过程中的行为动机，指出了当前思想政治教育工作在制度安排上存在的问题和不足，并初步提出了加强和改进思想政治工作的具体措施。     

再谈坚持解放思想,实事求是

解放思想,实事求是是邓小平理论的精髓.坚持解放思想、实事求是,必须端正学风,必须有高度负责精神,必须坚持"三个有利于"标准,必须坚持民主法制建设,必须在求实创新上下功夫.     

中国法律服务市场的规范化建设与律师事业的发展

本文对我国法律服务市场和律师事业发展的现状进行了分析 ,提出通过规范法律服务市场以促进律师事业发展的建议     

大学英语多媒体教育软件的设计原则

通过对认知学习理论及建构主义学习理论的分析 ,指出在教育软件的开发过程中 ,开发者应加强对教学理论和教学规律的研究 ;依据建构主义学习理论提出大学英语多媒体教育软件的设计原则 :即以学生为中心 ,强调“情境”、“协作学习”、“学习环境”及英语教学模式的设计 ,从而使语言学习、文化与文学更紧密地结合到一起 ,使学习者更好地学习和掌握英语     

论资本质量与财务目标

从传统财务目标的缺陷在于忽视资本质量的分析入手 ,论述了资本质量是资本的内在规定性 ,是资本社会属性的总和与资本经济属性的质量方面 ;将资本质量引入财务目标是由资本的本质和财务的本质、资本质量与资本数量之间的关系、时代特征和国家财务所决定的 ,资本质量最优化与资本数量最大化是财务目标的必然选择 ;提出了资本质量考核指标体系。     

Risk Modeling, Assessment, and Management of Lahar Flow Threat

The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines is considered one of the most violent and destructive volcanic activities in the 20th century. Lahar is the Indonesian term for volcanic ash, and lahar flows resulting from the massive amount of volcanic materials deposited on the mountain's slope posed continued post-eruption threats to the surrounding areas, destroying lives, homes, agricultural products, and infrastructures. Risks of lahar flows were identified immediately after the eruption, with scientific data provided by the Philippine Institute of Volcanology, the U.S. Geological Survey, and other research institutions. However, competing political, economic, and social agendas subordinated the importance of scientific information to policy making. Using systemic risk analysis and management, this article addresses the issues of multiple objectives and the effective integration of scientific techniques into the decision-making process. It provides a modeling framework for identifying, prioritizing, and evaluating policies for managing risk. The major considerations are: (1) applying a holistic approach to risk analysis through hierarchical holographic modeling, (2) applying statistical methods to gain insight into the problem of uncertainty in risk assessment, (3) using multiobjective trade-off analysis to address the issue of multiple decisionmakers and stakeholders in the decision-making process, (4) using the conditional expected value of extreme events to complement and supplement the expected value in quantifying risk, and (5) assessing the impacts of multistage decisions. Numerical examples based on ex post data are formulated to illustrate applications to various problems. The resulting framework from this study can serve as a general baseline model for assessing and managing risks of natural disasters, which the Philippines' lead agency-the National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)-and other related organizations can use for their decision-making processes.     

三社联动:城市社区治理中的策略变革 ——来自昆明市L社区的治理经验

在全面深化改革与国家治理现代化的大背景下,发挥多方力量参与城市社区建设和自我管理,开展居民互助服务,在建设和谐城市社区中具有重要作用.个案甄选与梳理昆明市L社区治理,能够准确瞄准当下社区治理的突破口和把握城市社区多元力量参与社区发展的契合规律.同时,多角度、全方位分析城市社区建设推进中遇到的现实隔阻,能够明确城市社区治理中多元力量利用不尽充分.基于此,从社区主导、实践推动、嵌入发展、机制构建等四个方面深入论证其治理成效,以揭示如何实现城市社区治理中的策略变革.