论驯鹿鄂温克人的兽皮文化

生活在大兴安岭中的驯鹿鄂温克人是鄂温克族中的独特群体,千百年来一直以饲养驯鹿和森林游猎为生。他们在特定的自然环境、特殊的生存条件以及特有的生产生活中,创造出了适合于他们物质文明和精神文明的兽皮文化。     

Changes in health-related quality of life in elderly men after 12 weeks of strength training

Background

Muscular strength is associated with functional ability in elderly, and older adults are recommended to perform muscle-strengthening exercise. Understanding how improved muscle strength and -mass influence general and specific domains of quality of life is important when planning health promotion efforts targeting older adults. The aims of the present study were to describe changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older men participating in 12 weeks of systematic strength training, and to investigate whether improvements in muscle strength and muscle mass are associated with enhancements in HRQOL.

Methods

We recruited 49 men aged 60–81 years to participate in an intervention study with pre-post assessment. The participants completed a 12-week strength training program consisting of three sessions per week. Tests and measurements aimed at assessing change in HRQOL, and changes in physical performance (maximal strength) and physiological characteristics. HRQOL was measured using the 12-item short-form survey (SF-12). Muscle mass was assessed based on changes in lean mass (leg, trunk, arm, and total), and strength was measured as one-repetition maximum in leg extension, leg press, and biceps curl.

Results

Two of the eight HRQOL SF-12 scores, role physical and general health, and the physical component summary scores, increased significantly during the intervention period. Small significant positive correlations were identified between improvements in muscle strength, and better physical and social function. Moreover, a significant increase in total muscle mass was seen during the intervention period.

Conclusions

The positive, findings from this study would suggest that systematic strength training seems to be a beneficial intervention to improve HRQOL, muscle strength and muscle mass in older men.

     

Young workers in the construction industry and initial OSH-training when entering work life

Studies have found that young workers are at risk for injuries. The risk for accidents is high within construction, indicating that young workers may be especially vulnerable in this industry. In Norway, it is possible to enter the construction industry as a full time worker at the age of 18. The aim of this paper was to explore how young construction workers are received at their workplace with regards to OHS-training. The study was designed as a qualitative case study. Each case consisted of a young worker or apprentice (< 25 years), a colleague, the immediate superior, the OHS manager, and a safety representative in the company. The interviews were recorded and analyzed through content analysis. The results showed that there were differences between large and small companies, where large companies had more formalized routines and systems for receiving and training young workers. These routines were however more dependent on requirements set by legislators and contractors more than by company size, since the legislation has different requirements with impact on OHS.     

驯鹿鄂温克人的萨满教文化

驯鹿鄂温克人信奉的萨满教,集自然崇拜、图腾崇拜、祖先崇拜之大成,以万物有灵的信仰为其思想意识的基础。萨满教文化作为驯鹿鄂温克人传统文化的核心,渗透于他们社会生活的方方面面。     

The NEET concept in comparative youth research: the Nordic countries and South Africa

The NEET concept has become widely used internationally since its emergence in the UK almost two decades ago. This article reviews the adoption of the concept in two extreme contexts in terms of NEET rates, youth opportunities and youth welfare: the Nordic countries and South Africa. The article discusses the situations of NEET young people in the two contexts, and how the concept is used in the wealthy and relatively homogenous Nordic welfare states and in relatively poorer and racially divided South Africa. While the concept has been problematised in different ways in Nordic youth research, it has been more readily accepted by South African researchers. We argue that, in both contexts, the NEET concept can be taken as an invitation to look beyond individual life situations and biographies, and to focus on how structural forces such as the political economy shape young people’s lives. The NEET concept provides a way of discussing changing opportunity structures and how global social forces such as globalisation and neoliberalisation shape young people’s lives in different contexts. The NEET concept is useful in comparative youth research.     

论驯鹿鄂温克人的驯鹿文化

驯鹿鄂温克人是我国鄂温克族中的特殊群体。他们生活在兴安岭的深山老林,以饲养驯鹿谋生。在漫长的历史发展进程中,驯鹿鄂温克人在狩猎驯鹿和使用驯鹿以及饲养驯鹿的生产生活实践中,用共同的劳动和智慧创造出了我国独一无二而独具风格的驯鹿文化。我们拟从人类文化学与民族文化学的理论视角,对这一特殊族群的驯鹿文化形态进行客观实在的分析和讨论。