Temporal dimensions of the fertility transition: an age-period-cohort analysis of frontier fertility

"This paper evaluates age, period, and cohort effects on marital fertility during onset of the Utah fertility transition (1880-1900). Computerized genealogies are used to derive age-period-cohort fertility rates for 49,842 once-married couples. Age, period and cohort effects on marital fertility are then estimated using Johnson's (1985) relational model. Declining marital fertility in Utah is shown to be explained by both lower fertility levels across periods and increasing age-specific limitation across cohorts. Direct cohort effects on fertility are insignificant. These results are consistent with prior research, and the view that fertility levels were adaptive (in part through birth spacing across ages) to immediate contexts of childbearing while age-specific fertility truncation increased across cohorts (in part through the more general diffusion of contraceptive innovations)."     

On metrically conservative societies

In this paper, social choice theory is considered from the standpoint of social change. Various metrics (in a discrete setting) are introduced to measure changes in individual and collective preferences, and a society is said to be metrically conservative if social change does not exceed total individual changes. Arrow's IIA Axiom is found to be intimately related to a very restrictive metrical condition called metrical ultraconservatism. Strong characterization theorems are proved for metrically ultraconservative societies. A natural relaxation is the condition of metrical conservatism. We show that metrically conservative societies exist, and the number of possibilities can in fact grow exponentially with the population. But when the metrical condition is placed into the more specific socio-economic context of strict preference orderings, normative restrictions appear. One is the constitutional protection against the election of a dictator; another is the nonexistence of metrically conservative stable matchings, in the sense of Gale-Shapley. Some similar questions have been raised in continuous social choice theory, but the conclusions are quite different. We also consider the effect of an increasing population on the average rate of social change.The author is grateful to Dr. T.M. Tang for first drawing his attention to Arrow's General Possibility Theorem, to Professors Robert M. Anderson, Kenneth J. Arrow, and an anonymous referee for many valuable suggestions, and to Dr. W.Y. Poon for pointing out an important reference. This work was done when the author was at the University of California at Berkeley and formed part of his Berkeley Ph.D. dissertation. The views expressed here are the author's, and not necessarily those of AT&T Bell Laboratories.     

Unsettling research versus activism: how might critical disability studies disrupt traditional research boundaries?

Abstract

This article responds to the call for producing activist-oriented scholarship by engaging with theoretical and methodological approaches that explore the inclusion of women and girls with disabilities in Vietnam. We consider possibilities for connecting different forms of knowledge and activism by reflecting on research practices designed to foster social change. Specifically, we ask: how can critical disability studies be more reflexive about knowledge which privileges particular ways of knowing from the Global North? What alternative possibilities can exist to foster more inclusive and transformative knowledge that tackles systemic forms of oppressions in colonial and postcolonial contexts? Reflecting on an ongoing collaborative project in Vietnam, we argue that critical disability studies which engages with different forms of activism through critical reflections on our privileges can tackle exclusion by opening a new platform for debating social justice transnationally.     

Performance of traditional f tests in repeated measures designs under covariance heterogeneity

This study investigates the performance of two traditional F tests, one for main effects and the other for interaction in repeated measures designs under several conditions of covariance heterogeneity. Overall, the test for interaction is more vulnerable than the one for main effects. Distortion in the level of significance is less serious for the case of equal group size.     

文化全球化与文化多样性辩证

文化全球化和文化多样性是全球化背景下文化发展的两个维度,二者是辩证统一、相生相成的。文化全球化不是全球文化的均质一体和文化霸权主义,而是不同文化之间的冲突、对话及一定程度上的交融。文化全球化是为社会生产力所推动的、全球文化的动态建构过程,它意味着不同的文化资源为全人类所共享。文化多样性意味着每一种文化都有其生存权利,它并非固步自封的文化民族主义,文化多样性应建立在人类基本的共性之上。“和而不同”是人类文化发展的理想图景之一。     

Problem Gambling Within a Chinese Speaking Community

The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary data on pathological gambling rates within a metropolitan Chinese community to determine if more costly extensive epidemiological surveys were justified. Two thousand survey questionnaires were distributed to parents through children attending a local Chinese speaking school. A response rate of 27.4% was obtained. Over a quarter of respondents were born overseas in either Mainland China or Hong Kong. Results indicated that gambling was not a popular activity with 60.0% of respondents stating that they never gambled. Of those who gambled, a third of respondents identified lotto as the preferred form. Using a Chinese translation version of the SOGS and a cut-off score of 10, a prevalence estimate of 2.9% for pathological gambling was found with males showing a higher rate (4.3%) as compared to females (1.6%). Respondents reporting a prior history of gambling in their country of origin were more likely to be classified as probable pathological gamblers. Despite the use of a sample of convenience, changes to the wording of two items in the Chinese translation of the SOGS and the possibility of false positive cases in the present study, it is concluded that further research into problem gambling in this community should be undertaken.     

Discrimination Hurts: The Academic,Psychological, and Physical Well‐Being of Adolescents

Little is known about the frequency of ethnic or racial discrimination and its implications for Latin American and Asian youths' development. In this study, we examined if there were ethnic and generation differences among 601 12th graders from Latin American (36%), Asian (43%), and European (19%) backgrounds in the frequency of peer, adult, and daily discrimination, and whether discrimination predicted their well‐being. Adolescents from Latin American and Asian backgrounds reported more adult and peer discrimination than their peers from European backgrounds. Latin American youth reported more adult discrimination than their Asian peers. Discrimination predicted lower grade point averages and self‐esteem, and more depressive symptoms, distress, and physical complaints. Ethnic identity, ethnic socialization, and race rejection sensitivity did not moderate the associations between discrimination and well‐being.     

民国时期对欧美近代幼教思想中"教"功能理念认知的引述

民国时期,欧美近代幼教思想中有关“教”功能理念的认知开始通过各种途径引述进入中国。这些理念既包括对幼教思想中“教”功能的内涵、对象与目的的理解,而这种理念是递进性的;也包括新兴的儿童学运动对于“教”功能理念的支撑。这些理念关注欧美近代心理科学的进步对欧美近代幼教“教”功能理念的提升作用。欧美近代幼教思想中“教”功能理念在民国的引述具有阶段性,呼应了当时中国幼教面临的三大客观诉求,丰富了民国幼教思想的内涵,促进了近代学前教育思想在中国的传播。