Social mobility and occupational attainments of university graduates

L'article présente une analyse du changement dans les taux de mobilité sociale et de réussite professionnelle chez 2137 hommes ontariens qui ont reçu le BA OU Ie BSC en 1960, 1964 et 1968. Malgré une certaine ambivalence dans les résultats, ceux-ci confirme d'une façon générale les hypothèses suivantes: que la proportion des gradués universitaires récents qui sont susceptibles d'être en mobilité ascendante diminue et que cette diminution s'observe davantage chez les gradués provenant d'un niveau socioéconomique moyen que chez ceux venant d'un milieu inférieur. L'analyse porte également sur des hypothèses concernant l'effet de l'origine socioéconomique, de l'année de graduation, du domaine principal d'étude et de la formation postgraduée sur la réussite professionelle.
This paper presents an analysis of the changing rates of social mobility and the changes in occupational attainment patterns of 2137 Ontario males who received BA or BSC degrees in 1960, 1964, and 1968. Although some findings are mixed, there is general support for hypotheses that a declining proportion of recent university graduates are likely to be upwardly mobile and that this decline will be more pronounced for graduates from middle level socioeconomic backgrounds than for those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Hypotheses relating the effect of socioeconomic background, year of graduation, major field of study, and postgraduate training on occupational attainment are also tested.     

A Non‐parametric Test of Exchangeability for Extreme‐Value and Left‐Tail Decreasing Bivariate Copulas

Abstract. A non‐parametric rank‐based test of exchangeability for bivariate extreme‐value copulas is first proposed. The two key ingredients of the suggested approach are the non‐parametric rank‐based estimators of the Pickands dependence function recently studied by Genest and Segers, and a multiplier technique for obtaining approximate p‐values for the derived statistics. The proposed approach is then extended to left‐tail decreasing dependence structures that are not necessarily extreme‐value copulas. Large‐scale Monte Carlo experiments are used to investigate the level and power of the various versions of the test and show that the proposed procedure can be substantially more powerful than tests of exchangeability derived directly from the empirical copula. The approach is illustrated on well‐known financial data.