OUTSOURCING TYPES, RELATIVE WAGES, AND THE DEMAND FOR SKILLED WORKERS: NEW EVIDENCE FROM U.S. MANUFACTURING

Existing studies on the impact of outsourcing on relative wages and the demand for skilled workers mainly focus on aggregate outsourcing, in which imported intermediate inputs are used as a proxy. We depart from the existing studies by focusing on various types of outsourcing based on the six-digit NAICS U.S. manufacturing data. We show that downstream materials and service outsourcing are skill biased, whereas upstream materials outsourcing is not. We also produce other supplementary results pertaining to the impact of technology, different capital inputs on relative wages, and the demand for skilled workers. ( JEL C33, F14, F15)     

Local Influence in Generalized Estimating Equations

Abstract.  We investigate the influence of subjects or observations on regression coefficients of generalized estimating equations (GEEs) using local influence. The GEE approach does not require the full multivariate distribution of the response vector. We extend the likelihood displacement to a quasi-likelihood displacement, and propose local influence diagnostics under several perturbation schemes. An illustrative example in GEEs is given and we compare the results using the local influence and deletion methods.     

ROUTINIZATION‐BIASED TECHNICAL CHANGE AND GLOBALIZATION: UNDERSTANDING LABOR MARKET POLARIZATION

There is now ample evidence that jobs and wages have been polarizing at the extremes of the skill distribution since the early 1990s. Possible explanations include, among others, routinization‐biased technical change (technical progress substituting more easily for labor in performing routine rather than nonroutine tasks) and globalization (more specifically, offshore outsourcing by multinational firms). In this article, we develop a unified theoretical general equilibrium model and examine the implications of each competing hypotheses for labor market polarization. (JEL J21, J23, J24, F66)     

供应链上企业间协同谈判模型和原型研究

本文对面向业务流程集成的协同谈判进行研究。这种新的谈判模式的特点是通过约束传播与约束放松来调整谈判各方的利益,达到共赢。本文建立了协同谈判中多线程间的状态机谈判协议,提出了多线程间基于域传播算法的协同谈判策略和谈判模型,并通过研制原型系统进行实验,证实了本文所提出的协同谈判理论和方法的正确性。本文提出的协同谈判模型可以解决供应链上企业同时与多个上、下游企业的谈判问题,可通过改变业务流程,使供应链上的企业达到双赢,提高谈判的效率。