Receptivity toward Immigrants in Rural Pennsylvania: Perceptions of Adult English as Second Language Providers*

This article uses interview and questionnaire data to examine how adult English as a second language (ESL) providers in rural Pennsylvania perceive community receptivity toward immigrants and the factors they believe foster or hinder receptivity and immigrants' integration. ESL providers' depictions of local responses to immigrants ranged from welcoming to hostile. They identified four constellations of factors that influenced receptivity: national and local politics, the labor market and immigrant occupations, immigrants' ability to look or act like native-born residents, and community institutions. This study reveals how differing contexts of reception are believed to influence immigrants' incorporation into rural communities. It also highlights the role of educators and educational institutions in creating a welcoming atmosphere that supports immigrants' socioeconomic well-being.     

Telling the Collective Story? Moroccan-Dutch Young Adults’ Negotiation of a Collective Identity through Storytelling

Researchers taking a social constructionist perspective on identity agree that identities are constructed and negotiated in interaction. However, empirical studies in this field are often based on interviewer–interviewee interaction or focus on interactions with members of a socially dominant out-group. How identities are negotiated in interaction with in-group members remains understudied. In this article we use a narrative approach to study identity negotiation among Moroccan-Dutch young adults, who constitute both an ethnic and a religious (Muslim) minority in the Netherlands. Our analysis focuses on the topics that appear in focus group participants’ stories and on participants’ responses to each other’s stories. We find that Moroccan-Dutch young adults collectively narrate their experiences in Dutch society in terms of discrimination and injustice. Firmly grounded in media discourse and popular wisdom, a collective narrative of a disadvantaged minority identity emerges. However, we also find that this identity is not uncontested. We use the concept of second stories to explain how participants negotiate their collective identity by alternating stories in which the collective experience of deprivation is reaffirmed with stories in which challenging or new evaluations of the collective experience are offered. In particular, participants narrate their personal experiences to challenge recurring evaluations of discrimination and injustice. A new collective narrative emerges from this work of joint storytelling.     

The end of the beginning of African history

Jack A. Goldstone, Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World (1991), xxix + 608 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $34.95).

Paul Langford, Public Life and Propertied Englishmen 1689–1798 (1991), xiii + 608 (Oxford University Press, New York, $89.00).

Harriet B. Applewhite and Darline G. Levy (eds), Women and Politics in the Age of the Democratic Revolution (1990), vi + 289 (Manchester University Press, Manchester, £25.00).

Gail Bossenga, The Politics of Privilege: Old Regime and Revolution in Lille (1991), xi + 263 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £30.00).

Adrian Randall, Before the Luddites. Custom, Community, and Machinery in the English Woollen Industry, 1776–1809 (1991), xvii + 318 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £32.50).

James A. Jaffe, The Struggle for Market Power. Industrial Relations in theBritish Coal Industry, 1800–1840 (1991), xi + 228 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £30.00).

Patrick Joyce, Visions of the People: Industrial England and the Question of Class, 1840–1914 (1991), xiv + 449 (Cambridge University Press, UK £3o.oo/US $49.50).

David Blackbourn and Richard J. Evans (eds), The German Bourgeoisie: Essays on the Social History of the German Middle Class from the Late Eighteenth to the Early Twentieth Century (1991), xix + 348 (Routledge, £35.00).

Stephen Tolliday and Jonathan Zeitlin (eds), Power to Manage? (1991), ix + 352 (Routledge, £45.00).

Herrick Chapman, State Capitalism and Working‐class Radicalism in theFrench Aircraft Industry (1991), xvii + 412 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $49.95, paperback $16.95).

Teresa L. Amott and Julie A. Matthaei, Race, Gender and Work: A Multicultural Economic History of Women in the United States (1991), xiii + 433 (South End Press, Boston, paperback $16.00).     

Self-evaluation of assessment programs: a cross-case analysis

The goal of this article is to contribute to the validation of a self-evaluation method, which can be used by schools to evaluate the quality of their Competence Assessment Program (CAP). The outcomes of the self-evaluations of two schools are systematically compared: a novice school with little experience in competence-based education and assessment, and an innovative school with extensive experience. The self-evaluation was based on 12 quality criteria for CAPs, including both validity and reliability, and criteria stressing the importance of the formative function of assessment, such as meaningfulness and educational consequences. In each school, teachers, management and examination board participated. Results show that the two schools use different approaches to assure assessment quality. The innovative school seems to be more aware of its own strengths and weaknesses, to have a more positive attitude towards teachers, students, and educational innovations, and to explicitly involve stakeholders (i.e., teachers, students, and the work field) in their assessments. This school also had a more explicit vision of the goal of competence-based education and could design its assessments in accordance with these goals.     

La spécificité émotionnelle des métiers de soins

Historiquement, les questions de genre sont au c?ur des métiers de soins. Généralement, les soins sont associés aux tâches que, de tous temps, les femmes prenaient en charge ou se voyaient imposer. C'est précisément pour cette raison que Tronto (Moral boundaries. A political argument for an ethic of care, 1993) affirme que les travaux de soins ont été historiquement conçus de telle manière qu'ils se retrouvent exclus du domaine du ‘vrai’ travail. Ils ne font pas partie du travail professionnel, qu'il soit industriel ou administratif. Cependant, on constate petit à petit une évolution en la matière. Depuis environ une décennie, les soins ont acquis une signification beaucoup plus large. On définit les travaux de soins comme un type de métier dans lequel la cognition, la compétence et l'émotion sont étroitement liées. La reconnaissance du caractère émotionnel des métiers de soins porte en elle un élément de base très important, tant pour le développement futur de ces métiers que pour l'élaboration d'une politique de ressources humaines ‘sur mesure’ pour les métiers de soins. Dans la deuxième partie de l'article, nous confrontons le discours qui a été développé dans le prolongement de cette idée à la pratique. Nous nous basons sur les résultats d'une enquête et d'une étude de cas auprès de la catégorie professionnelle des infirmiers et des soignants au sein des maisons de retraite et de soins en Flandre. Cette confrontation permet des conclusions quant à la spécificité des métiers de soins (qui restent pour l'instant principalement féminins).     

Work incapacity and reintegration: Theory and design of a cross-national study

This article presents the theory and design of a prospective cross-national study on work incapacity and reintegration with cohorts of low back pain patients from Denmark, Germany, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United States. The aim of the project, which is being coordinated by the ISSA, is to learn how social security, labour, and healthcare systems address problems of work incapacity and reintegration and to measure and evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions, incentives, and disincentives on return to work. The article includes discussion of common problems that motivated the sponsors to join the project, the benefit programmes and services currently available in the participating countries, the theoretical model for the research, the project's core research design, and some key elements of its methodology.