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1.
Who is a Distracted Driver? Associations between Mobile Phone Use while Driving,Domain‐Specific Risk Taking,and Personality
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Madison Sween Andrea Ceschi Francesco Tommasi Riccardo Sartori Joshua Weller 《Risk analysis》2017,37(11):2119-2131
Mobile phone use while driving (MPUWD) is an increasingly common form of distracted driving. Given its widespread prevalence, it is important for researchers to identify factors that may predict who is more likely to engage in this risky behavior. The current study investigates associations between MPUWD risk behaviors, domain‐specific risk perceptions, and broad personality dimensions. An Italian community sample (n = 804) completed a survey regarding MPUWD risk perceptions and engagement in MPUWD, in addition to the HEXACO‐PI‐R, a broad six‐factor personality inventory (honesty‐humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience), and the DOSPERT, a six‐factor domain‐specific self‐report risk‐taking measure (health/safety, recreational, social, ethical, gambling, and investment). With respect to domain‐specific risk taking, greater frequency of SMS use while driving most strongly was associated with greater risk taking for the health/safety, gambling, and ethical risk domains. Further, greater honesty‐humility and conscientiousness, two traits related to cognitive control and risk behaviors, and to a lesser extent openness to experience, were associated with less frequent MPUWD, and positively associated with MPUWD risk perceptions. With growing public safety concern surrounding MPUWD, understanding associated personality factors is not only important for identifying psychological mechanisms underlying risk behavior, but also for more effective prevention and intervention programs. 相似文献
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Weller CE 《Journal of aging & social policy》2007,19(1):21-38
Despite large public policy efforts over the past 30 years, a large minority of households remains consistently inadequately prepared for retirement. If policymakers want to address this shortcoming, public policy has to change from its current path. This paper suggests a system of mandatory private pensions funded by a minimum mandatory contribution of 3% of payroll. In addition, a number of institutional changes are suggested to reduce the costs and risks of individual accounts. 相似文献
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Stochastic dominance in multicriterion analysis under risk 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Traditionally, in the literature on the modelling of decision aids one notes the propensity to treat expected utility models and outranking relation models as rivals. It may be possible, however, to benefit from the use of both approaches in a risky decision context. Stochastic dominance conditions can be used to establish, for each criterion, the preferences of a decision maker and to characterise them by a concave or convex utility function.Two levels of complexity in preference elicitation, designated as clear and unclear, are distinguished. Only in the case of unclear preferences is it potentially interesting to attempt to estimate the value function of the decision maker, thus obtaining his (her) preferences with a reduced number of questions. The number of questions that must be asked of the decision maker depends upon the level of the concordance threshold that he(she) requires in the construction of the outranking relations using the ELECTRE method. 相似文献
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Antoine Billot Alain Chateauneuf Itzhak Gilboa Jean-Marc Tallou 《Statistical Papers》2002,43(1):127-136
Choquet expected utility maximizers tend to behave in a more “cautious” way than Bayesian agents, i. e. expected utility
maximizers. We illustrate this phenomenon in the particular case of betting behavior. Specifically, consider agents who are
Choquet expected utility maximizers. Then, if the economy is large, Pareto optimal allocations provide full insurance if and
only if the agents share at least on prior, i. e., if the intersection of the core of the capacities representing their beliefs is non empty. In the expected utility case,
this is true only if they have a common prior.
Received: July 2000; revised version: May 2001 相似文献
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We consider a class of long-range-dependent Gaussian processes defined in a semiparametric framework. We propose a new estimator of the long-range dependence parameter, based on the integration of the periodogram in two windows. We show that it is asymptotically Gaussian and calculate the rate of convergence. We optimise parameters defining the window function for the minimum mean-square-error criterion. In a Monte-Carlo study, we compare the proposed estimator with previously studied estimators. 相似文献
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Michèle Cohen Alain Chateauneuf Eric Danan Thibault Gajdos Raphaël Giraud Meglena Jeleva Fabrice Philippe Jean-Marc Tallon Jean-Christophe Vergnaud 《Theory and Decision》2011,71(1):1-10
Tribute to Jean-Yves Jaffray by the French Group of Decision Theory. 相似文献