Does a More Diversified Revenue Structure Lead to Greater Financial Capacity and Less Vulnerability in Nonprofit Organizations? A Bibliometric and Meta-Analysis

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - This article explores how and to what extent revenue diversification and concentration strategies affect financial...     

What Influences the Growth of the Chinese Nonprofit Sector: A Prefecture-Level Study

The nonprofit sector in China has experienced unprecedented growth in its scope and impact over the past four decades. Despite the significant growth, the distribution of nonprofit activities across localities is not well understood. This study combines administrative and census data to examine the size of the Chinese nonprofit sector across 334 prefectures. The study demonstrates a significant variation in nonprofit sector size across prefectures. The study further shows that population heterogeneity, government social spending, and government fragmentation have positive effects on boosting nonprofit sector size in a prefecture. Although diverse service needs affect the growth of the Chinese nonprofit sector, government activities play a more important role in mobilizing nonprofit activities and driving nonprofit sector growth.     

Governing Diversity: The Impact of Social Heterogeneity on Human Service Delivery

The social environment in which government is embedded has wide implications for public administration. The increasing social heterogeneity in the United States poses various puzzles for the governance structure in public human service programs. Apart from major political and policy changes, contracting out service delivery is considered to be a more appropriate managerial response. Therefore, social heterogeneity in a jurisdiction would be positively associated with the use of contractual networks in service delivery. Using data from a national survey of human service contracting, this study finds that states with higher degrees of social heterogeneity use service contractual networks more often. This further highlights the imperative of capacity building for public administrators when using contractual networks.     

Does Population Heterogeneity Really Matter to Nonprofit Sector Size? Revisiting Weisbrod’s Demand Heterogeneity Hypothesis

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - The size variation of the nonprofit sector across geographic locations has attracted substantial scholarly attention. One...     

The crowding‐out effect within government funding: Implications for within‐source diversification

The benefits and risks of revenue diversification lead scholars to propose within‐source diversification as a possible compromise. Although this revenue strategy sounds promising, no scholarly attention has been devoted to empirically examining it. This study explores within‐source diversification across government funding, specifically whether nonprofit receipt of support from a major government funder affects support from other government funders. Using a panel dataset of U.S.‐based international development nonprofits from 1995 to 2014, we find that nonprofits with more funding from the major funder are associated with significantly less funding from other funders. This crowding‐out effect weakens as organization size grows. The findings imply that the within‐source diversification strategy might be more desirable for larger organizations with the capacity to manage multiple funding relationships.     

结构灵敏度分析进展

介绍了结构灵敏度分析的研究背景,分析了基于有限元法的几种常用结构灵敏度分析方法的原理和进展,包括 解析法、完全有限差分法、半解析法、复变函数法和伴随变量法。根据最近几年的灵敏度研究,提出多种方法相结合的复 合灵敏度分析是未来结构灵敏度分析的发展趋势。     

基于DEA方法的城市科技创新资本效率实证分析

为合理配置各地区的科技创新资本以及提升科技资本的效率,对城市科技创新资本的投入及产出效率方面的问题进行研究。选取中国11座区域中心城市作为评价对象,建立了以R&D投入经费支出和技术引进消化吸收为投入指标;以国内专利申请量、授权量及有效量为产出指标的指标体系;选取DEA效率评价模型作为主要研究手段,测度了2017年各城市科技创新资本投入产出资本效率,对结果进行综合分析及投影分析,对科技创新资本效率进行了实证评价。研究认为,区域中心城市的科技投入总量是不断增长的,但城市间科技创新投入产出差距显著;成都、西安和深圳处于DEA有效状态;重庆、北京、天津、上海、广州、武汉,南京及沈阳处于DEA严重无效的状态,无效原因包括科技创新资本投入未得到充分的利用,以及科技成果转化效率的低下等;应加强对先进技术和人才的引进,充分发挥企业的创新主体作用,增加科技创新资本的投入并优化配置,提升城市创新能力和资本竞争力等,实现城市间资源共享、优势互补的双赢战略政策。     

Complementary or Supplementary? The Relationship Between Government Size and Nonprofit Sector Size

Do government activities discourage or leverage nonprofit activities? The extant literature has proposed competing lines of arguments, making the net effect ambiguous. The present study conducts a meta-analysis to synthesize extant studies concerning the relationship between the level of government activities and the level of nonprofit activities within a locality and explore potential moderating effects. Through systematically reviewing 30 extant studies, the study finds a mostly positive association between the level of government activities and the level of nonprofit activities, but this relationship is generally weak and sometimes statistically insignificant. In addition, the moderator analysis concludes that data structure, unit of analysis, and field of activity significantly moderate effect size estimates across extant studies. Overall, the net relationship between the level of government activities and the level of nonprofit activities within a locality ranges from null to slight positive. Government activities generally seem not to discourage nonprofit activities, but may slightly leverage them.     

The Philanthropic Consequence of Government Grants to Nonprofit Organizations

Do government grants displace or leverage private donations to nonprofit organizations? Although research on this topic is flourishing, the findings remain extremely contradictory, creating difficulty in developing a cumulative knowledge available to scholars and practitioners. This study employs a meta‐analysis to systematically synthesize the competing findings from the existing literature. Using a sample of sixty original studies with 637 effect sizes, this study finds government grants have almost no correlation with private donations. In addition, this study demonstrates, through meta‐regression, that nonprofit subsector variation, organizational age as a control, longitudinal data structure, and endogeneity correction help explain the effect size heterogeneity within and across original studies. Nonprofits should be more concerned about the capacity of competing for different funding sources rather than the tradeoff among them.     

Which Nonprofit Gets More Government Funding?

Government represents one of the most important funding sources for nonprofit organizations. However, the literature has not yet provided a systematic understanding of nonprofits’ organizational factors that are associated with their receipts of government funding. This study combines interorganizational relationships and organizational institutionalism literature to examine the determinants of nonprofits’ obtainment of government funding. Based on a survey of human service nonprofits in Maryland, this research finds that nonprofits with higher bureaucratic orientation, stronger domain consensus with government, and longer government funding history are more likely to receive government contracts and grants. Nonprofits’ revenue diversification, professionalization, and board co‐optation might have very limited impacts.