腐败行为发生与治理——基于班杜拉三方互惠决定模型

腐败行为的产生有诸多原因,既有复杂的社会文化和环境因素,也有腐败行为人的心理因素。要从源头上消除腐败,就必须深入剖析腐败行为产生的诸种因素间的互动逻辑。以美国社会学家班杜拉的三方互惠决定模型为分析框架,可以发现中国的腐败是由特有的社会环境,对权力、角色、行为与关系的错误社会认知以及频发的个体腐败行为三种因素(互动作用)引起的。因此,应从营造健康的社会环境氛围、纠正社会认知偏差这两方面入手,构建三种因素的良性互动关系,从而形成不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐的长效机制。     

非稳态下公共养老金资产负债表的编制与精算平衡调整

公共养老金资产负债表是国家资产负债表的重要组成部分,也是政府实施养老金改革的重要依据。已有研究给出了稳态下公共养老金资产负债表的编制方法,但这些方法无法直接用于非稳态情形。当前我国面临经济、人口、制度调整等非稳态环境,因此构建适应我国实际的非稳态下的公共养老金资产负债表成为重要的研究问题。非稳态下公共养老金资产负债表编制的主要难题在于缴费资产的计算。本文在梳理公共养老金资产负债表编制原理的基础上,推导出非稳态下缴费资产的计算公式,给出我国公共养老金资产负债表的编制方法和实际应用,并进一步测算分析了降低养老金待遇指数、延迟退休、提高缴费等多项改革对公共养老金资产负债表的影响。结果显示：我国公共养老金的资产负债平衡过度依赖财政补贴,无法实现缴费资产与负债的平衡。适当调整养老金待遇指数、退休年龄、缴费水平等参数,有助于恢复资产和负债的平衡,减轻制度对财政补贴的依赖。     

模糊容忍度与二语习得

模糊容忍度始于心理学的研究,模糊容忍度与二语学习成绩有显著相关性.从心理学角度对模糊容忍度做出界定和测量,回顾国内外模糊容忍度的发展历程发现,当前模糊容忍度与二语习得领域的研究现状集中在模糊容忍度与二语技能、二语策略和语言焦虑方面,并提出对教学的启示.     

汉语新词中的一枝独秀--字母词

近年来,随着我国改革开放和国际交流的加深,汉语中出现了大量字母加汉字或字母单独构成的词语.使用汉语的社群对这些词语的出现与存在态度各异,学术界也褒贬不一.本文从分析字母词本身的结构和特点入手,讨论字母词这一现象既是语言现象,也是社会现象,它的出现与存在既与社会有着必然的联系同时又具有独特的语用价值.     

政府注资行为的经济学分析

本文基于国有商业银行与国有企业产权结构相同这一假设,建立信用供给与信用需求模型,旨在分析政府注资这种不良资产处置方式的政策效果。本文的主要结论是注资没有解决商业银行的不良资产问题,它是政府稳定金融系统和维护市场秩序的结果;以不良资产证券化为主要手段的混合式处置模式是解决我国商业银行不良资产问题的合理路径。     

Can urban greening increase vector abundance in cities? The impact of mowing,local vegetation,and landscape composition on adult mosquito populations

Worldwide, cities are investing in greenspace to enhance urban quality of life and conserve biodiversity. Cities should ensure these investments do not unintentionally result in ecosystem disservices. Municipal management decisions regarding urban greenspaces, such as mowing frequency, could influence mosquito communities and public health. We examined how mowing, resultant vegetation characteristics, and landscape context influenced adult mosquito abundance in urban vacant lots. We sampled adult Culex and Aedes mosquitoes in a network of vacant lots within eight Cleveland, Ohio, USA neighborhoods in 2015 and 2016 using CO₂-baited light traps and grass-infused gravid traps. For each lot, we quantified vegetation characteristics, including plant diversity, bloom area, and biomass, as well as the surrounding landscape composition at radii of 60 and 1000 m. We found that periodic mowing did not significantly affect mosquito abundances. However, vacant lots with more diverse plant communities were associated with a greater light trap capture of both Culex and Aedes. Both mosquito genera declined in light trap catches with increased impervious surface at 60 m. Similarly, Culex (gravid trap) declined with the amount of built infrastructure at 1000 m. In contrast, Aedes (light trap) increased with the concentration of buildings in the landscape at 1000 m. Our findings indicate that reducing the frequency of mowing within vacant lots will not necessarily increase adult mosquito abundance. Nonetheless, mosquito surveillance and management should be considered when planning conservation-focused greenspaces, as vegetation design choices and the landscape context of a site do influence vector abundance and potentially disease risk.