On uniform approximation of Poisson variates by normal ones

In this paper the accuracy of the normal approximation to the Poisson is treated from the viewpoint of direct approximation of Poisson variables by normal ones. The conclusions that are derived on the accuracy of this approximation lead (among others) to very useful results on confidence limits for the mean of a linear combination of independent Poisson variables; these latter are employed in precise determination of the composition of a mixture of radioactive isotopes by means of a scintillation counter.     

Empirical Evaluations of Skinner’s Analysis of Problem Solving

We reviewed 12 studies in which the researcher taught problem-solving strategies, such as self-questioning and visual imagining, to children and adolescents with and without disabilities to facilitate the learning of math, spelling, play/social, and communication skills. We analyzed these studies in terms of types of problem-solving strategies, the multiple control involved in problem solving, the extent to which problem solving occurred at the overt or covert level. In addition to suggesting limitations of the literature, we recommend areas for future research and practice.

     

Social Strategies of Family Formation: Urban Rural, Size-of-City, Provincial and Major City Variations Among Canadian Female Cohorts

Utilisant des données statistiques relatives à des cohortes de femmes canadiennes, l'auteur traite de la stratègic sociale de la formation de la famille sous trois chefs: au sein de chaque cohorte, il fait un éventail de l'âge lors du premier manage, il établit la proportion du contrôle de la fécondité et, le cas éehéant, du nombre total des naissances. Il s'agit de cohortes de naissance selon que le lieu de résidence est rural ou urbain, selon la province et l'importance de la ville en 1941. Des données sont aussi fournies pour chaeune de vingt-sept villes d'une population de 30,000 et plus en 1941. Chacune des cohortes de naissance varie quant à divers aspects de la stratégie de la formation de la famille selon la ville et l'unité géographique traitées; le lieu de l'habitat introduit aussi des variations diachroniques, si l'on compare la proportion des cas où le contrôle de la fécondité s'exerce et le niveau de contrôle manifesté.     

A new look at the marriage market and nuptiality rates, 1915–1958

The system of nuptiality probabilities for never married males and females, the “marriage regime,” is viewed as a population transformation, which operates on a population thereby changing the composition. The marriage regime has many properties common to other population transformations, but embodies a constraint such that, in general, the marriage regime cannot be strictly stable over time. The approach is applied to study the “marriage squeeze,” the alteration in marriage patterns that results from an imbalance in the “marriage market” or numbers of never married males and females at the usual marriage ages. Using data on age at first marriage for the 1960 American white population, nuptiality probabilities by single year of age and sex are estimated for the years 1915–58. Annual estimates also are made of the relative number of eligible mates (never married of the usual marriage ages) for never married persons of a given age and sex. No close correspondence is found between annual fluctuations in the marriage market and in the nuptiality probability, possibly because of the crudeness of the estimates. Alternatively, response to the imbalance may take another form such as marriage postponement or a redefinition of eligibility.     

Conditional Discrimination in the Intraverbal Relation: A Review and Recommendations for Future Research

Conditional discrimination is inherent in the intraverbal relation when one verbal stimulus alters the evocative effect of another verbal stimulus and they collectively evoke an intraverbal response. Rarely in research on conditional discriminations have both conditional and discriminative stimuli been vocal verbal and rarely have the responses been topography-based. Making conditional discriminations in intraverbal behavior is a repertoire that is often delayed in children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Reviewed in this paper is research on teaching intraverbal behavior, auditory conditional discriminations, and restricted stimulus control. The purpose of these reviews is to identify the extent to which previous researchers examined conditional discriminations in the intraverbal relation and to recommend directions for research in this area.