离子晶体外表面束缚极化子

本文计及表面光学声子的作用以及像电荷的作用,采用变分方法对一些材料外表面束缚极化子的基态能量和自陷能作了数值计算,并对结果进行了讨论,发现:对于Ⅰ—Ⅶ、Ⅱ—Ⅵ,Ⅲ—Ⅴ化合物的外表面,均可形成稳定的束缚极化子,且由于表面光学声子的作用,使这一杂质态更加稳定。     

网络销售滋补保健类中药材监管问题探讨

滋补保健类中药材深受我国消费者的喜爱,具有广阔的市场前景。为消费者提供安全的中药材是药品监管中不可回避的议题。但是中药材的双重属性和界定的模糊性使得药品监督管理部门难以对中药材准确定性,影响中药材监管效能。文章立足于网络药品监管状况,从中药材本质属性方面剖析如何对网络销售滋补保健类中药材实施有效监管,以期为深化药品监管提供建议。     

Model Uncertainty and Bayesian Model Averaged Benchmark Dose Estimation for Continuous Data

The benchmark dose (BMD) approach has gained acceptance as a valuable risk assessment tool, but risk assessors still face significant challenges associated with selecting an appropriate BMD/BMDL estimate from the results of a set of acceptable dose‐response models. Current approaches do not explicitly address model uncertainty, and there is an existing need to more fully inform health risk assessors in this regard. In this study, a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) BMD estimation method taking model uncertainty into account is proposed as an alternative to current BMD estimation approaches for continuous data. Using the “hybrid” method proposed by Crump, two strategies of BMA, including both “maximum likelihood estimation based” and “Markov Chain Monte Carlo based” methods, are first applied as a demonstration to calculate model averaged BMD estimates from real continuous dose‐response data. The outcomes from the example data sets examined suggest that the BMA BMD estimates have higher reliability than the estimates from the individual models with highest posterior weight in terms of higher BMDL and smaller 90th percentile intervals. In addition, a simulation study is performed to evaluate the accuracy of the BMA BMD estimator. The results from the simulation study recommend that the BMA BMD estimates have smaller bias than the BMDs selected using other criteria. To further validate the BMA method, some technical issues, including the selection of models and the use of bootstrap methods for BMDL derivation, need further investigation over a more extensive, representative set of dose‐response data.     

一种应用于药品泡罩包装检测的改进分水岭算法研究

针对分水岭算法存在的过分割问题以及泡罩包装药品图像的特点,提出一种改进的分水岭分割算法对泡罩包装的药品进行分割。该方法将形态学重建运算与使用控制标记符的方法相结合,首先对原图像进行开闭重建,根据邻域像素连通性提取重建后图像的局部极大值作为标记,从而抑制其他的局部极小值,然后依据标记对原始的梯度图像进行修正,最后对修改后的梯度图像进行分水岭分割。试验表明,该方法在缺陷药品检测中,可以有效的抑制传统分水岭的过分割,分割效果良好。     

Predicting engagement in a transition to parenthood program for couples

Fostering participant engagement is a challenging but essential component of effective prevention programs. To better understand which factors influence engagement, this study examines several predictors of couple engagement in Family Foundations (FF), a preventive intervention for first-time parents shown to enhance parent mental health, couple relations, parenting quality, and child adjustment through age 3 years. FF consists of a series of classes delivered through childbirth education departments at local hospitals. Baseline data on socio-demographics, parent mental health, and couple relationship quality were examined as predictors of participants’ level of engagement in FF (n = 89 couples, 178 individuals). Sociodemographic variables such as parent gender, socioeconomic status, and age predicted program engagement to a limited extent. However, findings indicated that marital status was the best predictor of engagement. Discussion focuses on how findings can inform the development of practices that promote engagement, such as the use of targeted outreach efforts for individuals most at risk of disengagement.     

中国共产党反腐模式的发展变迁与理论研究

新中国成立60年来,中国共产党的反腐模式经历了"运动反腐"、"向法制回归"、"制度反腐"三个阶段.反腐倡廉建设的历史向人们展示,无论采用何种反腐模式,从根本上来说都是为了解决对"实体权力"的制约问题.就是一方面要实现"监督权力"对"实体权力"的有效制衡,另一方面要实现"实体权力"与"监督权力"运行的程序公正.     

过渡司法:联合国和国际社会对系统性或大规模侵犯人权的回应

过渡司法最初是指一个国家由非民主体制过渡到民主体制后,对旧政府侵犯人权行为的处理。冷战结束和东欧剧变之后,这一概念又被用来指战争或冲突结束后,如何追究过去的种种暴行。近年来,一些发达国家政府对历史上受主流社会欺侮、压迫的群体采取的道歉与赔偿等补救措施,也被称之为过渡司法。联合国以及国际社会为此设计了多种机制,包括起诉、赔偿、真相调查、机构改革和人事清查等。总之,过渡司法就是对系统性或大规模人权侵犯的回应。过渡司法的精髓不在于提出某种本体论意义上特殊的正义/司法理念,而是要提供一种方法论,以调和正义理想与政治现实之间的张力,而且它强调的不是一种绝对的正义理念和一以贯之的司法模式。     

“十三五”期间我国中医院资源配置效率及影响因素

依据2016—2020年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》和《中国统计年鉴》数据,构建BCC模型测算 5年间我国中医院资源配置效率均值,运用面板数据的Tobit模型,对提出的假设进行验证并发现影响效率的因素,探究我国30个省份“十三五”期间中医院资源配置效率及影响因素。结果显示,“十三五”期间,30个省份中医院资源配置处于数据包络法(DEA)有效的4个,弱有效的6个,无效的20个。 医师配置密度和医护管理人员比分别对中医院资源配置的综合效率产生显著负向和正向影响;空间分布密度和中西医竞争水平分别对中医院资源配置的规模效率产生显著负向和正向影响。“十三五” 期间我国大多数省份中医院资源配置效率还有待提升,应统筹配置现有资源,提高医疗技术水平;合理设置人员结构,建立柔性激励机制;坚持中西医并重,突出中医药特色。     

陆游"尚意"的书法艺术及其传世作品

世人皆知陆游是我国南宋时期伟大的爱国诗人,很少有人知道他还是宋代杰出的书法家.本文以当时的书法时代风格为背景,对陆游的生活经历、艺术成就及传世作品进行简要评述,并以此为依据提出陆游书法创作的分期问题.     

作为"工程"的一类管理技术 --工业工程的历史考察

考察20世纪早期"工业工程"与"科学管理"在西方工业界同创共生的历史,可以发现当时以泰罗为代表的工业工程师们力图将管理的科学化通过工程(技术)化的途径来实现.中国知识界虽然很早就引进科学管理概念,却对工业工程的实施领悟较迟,直到近几十年才在产业界陆续推行."工程"和相应的engineering在中英文中都具有"管理"的含义,工业工程范畴有其演变过程,其汉译名也具有合理性.