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Adolescent Personality as Risk and Resiliency in the Testosterone–Externalizing Association
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Kathleen W. Reardon Kathrin Herzhoff Jennifer L. Tackett 《Journal of research on adolescence》2016,26(3):390-402
Previous investigations of testosterone and externalizing behavior have provided mixed findings. We tested the hypothesis that self‐regulatory personality moderates the testosterone–externalizing behavior association in adolescence. Parents reported on their 13‐ to 18‐year‐old (N = 106, Mage = 16.01, SD = 1.29) children's personalities and psychopathology. Testosterone was measured via drool samples. As hypothesized, personality moderated the testosterone–externalizing behavior association. High testosterone predicted higher levels of externalizing behaviors, but only for adolescents low in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Also, personality acted as a resiliency factor: high levels of Conscientiousness, in the presence of high testosterone, predicted lower levels of rule breaking. Results highlight how endogenous factors, such as personality, may interact with testosterone, and emphasize the relevance of including personality moderators in future research. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe presentation and visual design of the “don’t know” category in rating scales on respondents’ behavior may have ambivalent effects. The hypothesis is that attitude strength toward the topic influences the respondents’ sensitivity to the graphical design of the scale. A paper-and-pencil questionnaire conducted among 307 German university students contained an experimental variation of the presentation of a “don’t know” category and its visual design. A multinomial logistic regression shows that presenting a “don’t know” category drives respondents toward extreme categories. The visual design of the “don’t know” category influences the distribution of responses, all the more that the respondents’ attitudes toward the item topic are weak. 相似文献
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Marcel Helbig Kathrin Leuze 《KZfSS K?lner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie》2012,64(1):91-122
In this article, we use the data from the German PISA 2006 national supplementary sample (PISA-E) to examine gender-(a)-typical occupational aspirations of boys and girls at the age of 15. To do so, we study three types of explanatory factors: the influence of parents, individual achievement as well as of school support for scientific activities. We find that parents are important socializing agents, yet, in a gender-specific way. While upper-class girls in particular prefer male-typed occupations due to the modern gender roles of their parents and better information about career prospects, boys are mainly influenced by their fathers?? role models, irrespective of their social class. In addition, girls are more likely to choose female occupations if they have low levels of competences and poor grades. Boys, in contrast, with good grades in math are more likely to choose male occupations, whereas boys with good grades in German are more likely to choose female occupations. These findings suggest that it is primarily because of girls that female occupations are being devalued, not because of boys. School activities to support scientific activities, however, do not affect gender-(a)-typical occupational aspirations, neither of girls nor of boys. 相似文献
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Kathrin Boerner Daniela S. Jopp Min-Kyung S. Park Christoph Rott 《Journal of aging & social policy》2016,28(3):165-186
ABSTRACTThis paper provides a detailed picture of the sources and types of informal support available to centenarians, depending on their housing and care arrangements. Participants were 112 centenarians and 96 primary contacts of centenarians enrolled in the population-based Second Heidelberg Centenarian Study. Findings indicate that children of centenarians were their primary source of support in daily life. Those without living children had overall less help. Most frequently reported was help with administrative tasks, regardless of centenarians’ residence or living arrangement. All other types of help (e.g., with activities of daily living and housework) were reported by about one-third and were mostly provided by children; centenarians without children were more likely to have friends/neighbors involved in some of these tasks. The one category reported by a third of the centenarians regardless of residence, living arrangements, or presence of a child was help with socializing/companionship. Findings constitute an important step toward identifying and meeting the support needs of centenarians and their families. Policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
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Daniela S. Jopp Kathrin Boerner Verena Cimarolli Stephanie Hicks Sheena Mirpuri Michelle Paggi 《Journal of aging & social policy》2016,28(3):187-207
ABSTRACTThis article examines the challenges experienced by very old individuals and their consequences for well-being and mental health. In order to capture unique issues experienced in very old age, 75 participants of the population-based Fordham Centenarian Study answered open-ended questions on everyday challenges. Theme-based coding was then used to categorize and quantify responses. The challenges mentioned most often were challenges faced in the functional (e.g., physical health/activities of daily living restrictions, mobility, sensory impairment), psychological (e.g., loss of well-liked activity, dependency, negative emotions, death), and social (e.g., family loss) life domains. Functional challenges were negatively associated with aging satisfaction and positively associated with loneliness. Psychological challenges were positively linked to aging satisfaction. Social challenges were marginally related to loneliness. Notably, challenges were not related to depression. In conclusion, the challenges experienced in very old age are multidimensional and multifaceted, unique in nature, and have differential relations to mental health. Functional, psychological, and social challenges affect very old individuals’ lives and therefore need to be better understood and addressed. Given their consequences, it is imperative for policy makers to develop an awareness for the different types of challenges faced by centenarians, as there may be unique policy implications related to each. 相似文献
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In an increasingly pluralized society the public administration and its traditional inherent values like rationality, objectivity and impersonality have lost part of their legitimacy. Most citizens no longer accept an authoritarian manner or an approach in which they are subjected to bureaucratic rules and regulations. The new emphasis on customer and service orientation, which emerged in the public administration with the New Public Management reform of the last three decades, reflects the rising importance of new sources of legitimacy like proximity to citizens and procedural justice. However, empirically based research rarely addresses the issue of how this shift of sources of legitimacy affects the daily work of civil servants. This article describes, drawing on qualitative data, how emotional labor is becoming an important resource for the interaction of state and citizens. Moreover, we will show how the forms of emotional labor vary according to the interpretations of statehood and the professional identities of the civil servants. 相似文献
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In this paper we determine the Gauss–Markov predictor of the nonobservable part of a random vector satisfying the linear model
under a linear constraint. 相似文献
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Older people increase their well-being and contribute to the community when they volunteer. Therefore, policy-makers sometimes consider supporting older volunteers. However, they reach different conclusions on whether they should introduce policies for older volunteers, and on what policy would be the most suitable. This article studies how policies for older volunteers emerged in Germany and Italy, both countries having one of the oldest populations in the world. It explores the political discourse on older volunteers, and how this discourse translates into policies. To do this, the article presents data collected in expert interviews and document analysis. Findings show that German policy-makers stress the contribution of volunteering to older people's well-being and have introduced policies for older volunteers. Italian policy-makers, in contrast, frame older volunteers as social service providers and have decided not to single out specific age groups in their policies for volunteers. Moreover, the policies are influenced by the policy-makers' perceptions and path-dependencies, meaning policies and institutions that were introduced in the past. These findings suggest that whether or not policies for older volunteers emerge depends less on the characteristics of the older population and more on the society and its political traditions. 相似文献