论思想政治教育者的素质

思想政治建设是以德治国的重要内容。本文就教育者应具备的素质问题 ,谈一些认识 ,以求得思想政治教育更有成效、更有针对性。     

The NTEE classification system: tests of reliability/validity in the field of higher education

An analysis of the field of higher education reveals a surprisingly large number of classification errors within the (US) National Taxonomy of Exempt Entities database. Of the nearly 4,000 non-profit entities coded within the universe of institutions of higher education, we estimate that approximately 60 per cent were incorrectly included (Type II errors). Institutions incorrectly excluded from the higher education universe (Type I errors) represent roughly 10 per cent of the institutions coded correctly. These errors result primarily from assigning codes on the basis of the names of organisations (for example, College Park Towers is classified as a college, when it is in fact a housing complex for senior citizens) and from trying too hard to assign codes in ambiguous situations. The consequences can be significant for the users of these data, and we recommend raising bright warning flags while simultaneously enlisting the help of the entire non-profit sector in improving the classification coding process.The authors are with The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. In addition to our colleagues on the staff of the Foundation, we wish to thank Helmut Anheier, Ted Bozovich, Harvey Dale, Virginia Hodgkinson, Stephen Noga and Christopher Toppe for helpful suggestions.     

Sexual Behavior in Parked Cars Reported by Midwestern College Men and Women

In an anonymous survey of 195 men and 511 women (M_age = 19.8) at a small Midwestern university, 119 men (61%) and 303 women (59.5%) reported that they had engaged in sex while parked. Of these 422, 14% lost their virginity in a parked car. Having sex in parked cars was more likely to involve relational dating partners than hookups. In most recent incidents, the majority of respondents were with a serious but noncohabiting romantic partner (56.9%) in the back seat (63.4%) of a standard car (56.4%) parked out in the country (56.0%). The most common sexual acts were penile-vaginal sex and genital touching, reported by 84.6% and 57.5% of respondents, respectively. Condoms were used by 58.2% of respondents. Less than 1% of respondents reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or pregnancy outcomes. These data, including personal stories of memorable incidents, revealed that despite discomfort, body bumps, and risk of being caught, sex while parked was primarily a positive sexual and romantic experience for both men and women. A dark side of parked-car sex existed in that 2.5% of men and 4.3% of women reported being sexually coerced. The future study of sex in parked cars in urban environments is recommended.     

高等学校发展的战略选择:保守与创新

高等学校从产生的那一天起就面临着保守与创新的选择,但在近代化之前,高等学校远离社会而固守自己的象牙塔之时,这种选择的艰难性并不突出。当人类社会进入知识经济时代,高等学校所面临的选择就变得十分艰难。因此,正确处理好保守与创新的关系,是当代高等学校的重大战略决策,我国高等学校正处在这个关键时期。     

For compassion or money? The factors influencing the funding of micro loans

Aided by the Internet, microfinance institutions have found new ways to expand the reach of financing entrepreneurial projects on a small scale. Using a unique data set of individual loans posted to Kiva.org, we explore the determinants of lenders’ nonprofit lending choices in the growing microfinance industry. We find that lenders make choices in purposive ways even in the absence of market interest rates, especially with respect to the demographic characteristics of borrowers and the uses of proposed funds. Hence, the results provide valuable new information about consumer choice in charitable giving and investment.     

“A rape was reported”: construction of crime in a university newspaper

Historically, the news media have engaged in high rates victim blaming in their reporting of sexual assaults. However, in recent years, gains in civil rights and renewed attention to Title IX may mean sexual assault victims are receiving less-biased news coverage. Using a content analysis, we examined the tone and message of all crime stories published in one United States university newspaper from academic year 2015–2016 (n = 99). Comparing attributions of responsibility made to both victims and offenders across several major crime categories (rape, murder, sexual assault, robbery, physical assault, sexual misconduct, and sexual abuse), and consistent with historical trends, we found higher levels of victim blaming in stories on rape and sexual assault than any other crime. We identify rhetorical devices commonly used to discredit the victim and/or absolve the perpetrator. Despite perceived gains achieved by Title IX, news coverage continues to buttress victim blaming culture.     

中国特色工业化道路对世界传统工业化道路的双重超越

改革开放以来,中国共产党立足中国基本国情,顺应世界科技经济发展趋势,全面总结国内外工业化的经验教训,逐步确立了继续完成工业化和推进信息化的双重工业化目标任务,并融为一体,相互促进,历经以市场化与工业化融合互动为中心和以信息化与工业化融合互动为中心的两个阶段探索,成功地探寻到了一条既适合本国国情又顺应时代潮流的中国特色社会主义工业化道路,实现了对社会主义国家传统工业化发展模式和西方发达国家传统工业化发展模式的双重超越,初步解决了在经济文化落后大国、工业化后起国、处于世界传统工业化向现代信息工业化转变过程中,如何实现中国工业化的崭新课题。     

环境素养视角下的农户人居环境整治参与行为

基于陕西省893份实地调研数据,运用Logit-ISM模型系统分析环境素养、非正式环境对农户参与人居环境整治意愿和行为的共同影响机理.结果表明:在环境素养方面,参与渠道、主动监督意识、整治责任意识对农户参与人居环境整治的高意愿低行为现象发挥显著影响;在非正式环境方面,村内整治工作受重视程度、个人贡献受重视程度、村组织支持力度、村内参与氛围同样发挥显著影响.其中,个人贡献受重视程度、村组织支持力度、村内参与氛围等非正式环境因素是深层根源影响因素,环境素养因素是表层直接影响因素.据此,建议加强环境整治知识培训和媒体宣传,提高农户环境素养水平;采取因地制宜、因类施策,鼓励通过群众管护、承包管护、社会化管护、制度管护等方式,创新农村人居环境整治长效管护机制;落实农村人居环境整治长效激励机制,激发农户参与人居环境整治的内生动力.     

2A96铝合金表面阳极氧化及性能研究

针对铝合金表面极易氧化生成结构疏松、耐腐蚀性差的氧化膜问题,利用阳极氧化法对2A96铝 合金表面进行防腐蚀处理。通过改变阳极氧化实验中的氧化电压,在2A96铝合金表面制备不同的阳极氧 化膜;利用金相显微镜观察各个阳极氧化膜的表面形貌、测厚仪测量其厚度、显微硬度计测定其硬度、 点滴实验获取其点滴时间、电化学工作站获取其极化曲线和交流阻抗谱,进而对阳极氧化膜的耐腐蚀性 进行研究。结果表明,在所测电压范围（8~16 V）内,随着电压的升高,阳极氧化膜的厚度、硬度、点 滴时间也逐渐增加,耐腐蚀性能也随之增强。2A96铝合金经过表面阳极化处理后,其性能显著提高。