论驯鹿鄂温克人的兽皮文化

生活在大兴安岭中的驯鹿鄂温克人是鄂温克族中的独特群体,千百年来一直以饲养驯鹿和森林游猎为生。他们在特定的自然环境、特殊的生存条件以及特有的生产生活中,创造出了适合于他们物质文明和精神文明的兽皮文化。     

Effects of beverage-specific alcohol consumption on drinking behaviors among urban youth

Alcoholic beverage consumption among high school students has shifted from beer to liquor. The current longitudinal study examined the effects of beverage-specific alcohol use on drinking behaviors among urban youth. Data included 731 adolescents who participated in Project Northland Chicago and reported consuming alcohol in 7th grade. Logistic regression tested the effects of beverage-specific use on consequences (e.g., alcohol use in the past month, week, heavy drinking, and ever drunkenness). Compared to wine users, adolescents who reported drinking hard liquor during their last drinking occasion had increased odds of alcohol use during the past month (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.01-2.05), past week (OR = 3.37; 95% CI = 1.39-8.18), and ever drunkenness (OR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.07-2.29). Use of hard liquor was associated with increased risk of alcohol-related consequences. Early selection of certain alcoholic beverages (e.g., hard liquor) may result in negative health outcomes and problematic alcohol use over time.     

Contemporary options for longitudinal follow-up: lessons learned from a cohort of urban adolescents

This study reports efforts to locate and survey participants in Project Northland Chicago (PNC), a longitudinal, group-randomized trial of an alcohol preventive intervention for racial/ethnic minority, urban, early-adolescents, 3-4 years following the end of the intervention. Data were collected annually among students from 6th-8th grade and then at age 17-18. Tracking procedures were used to maintain contact with participants and data collection consisted of three phases: (1) Internet- and mail-based surveys; (2) in-school survey administration; and (3) courier service delivery. Contact was lost with 11% of this urban cohort from the end of the PNC intervention activities through these longterm follow-up efforts, as indicated by returned locating postcards. Fifty-three percent of the cohort responded to the survey, the majority completing in Phase 1 of our data collection. Additional school-based and courier-delivery efforts increased our response rate by 11.5%. Costs per completed survey were $118 in Phase 1, $166 in Phase 2, and $440 in Phase 3. This study illustrates that it is possible to track and follow-up a high-risk cohort as they progress through adolescence, even with minimal efforts in intervening years. Lessons learned from this study may inform future efforts to track and collect longitudinal data among high-risk populations.     

驯鹿鄂温克人的萨满教文化

驯鹿鄂温克人信奉的萨满教,集自然崇拜、图腾崇拜、祖先崇拜之大成,以万物有灵的信仰为其思想意识的基础。萨满教文化作为驯鹿鄂温克人传统文化的核心,渗透于他们社会生活的方方面面。     

论驯鹿鄂温克人的驯鹿文化

驯鹿鄂温克人是我国鄂温克族中的特殊群体。他们生活在兴安岭的深山老林,以饲养驯鹿谋生。在漫长的历史发展进程中,驯鹿鄂温克人在狩猎驯鹿和使用驯鹿以及饲养驯鹿的生产生活实践中,用共同的劳动和智慧创造出了我国独一无二而独具风格的驯鹿文化。我们拟从人类文化学与民族文化学的理论视角,对这一特殊族群的驯鹿文化形态进行客观实在的分析和讨论。     

Does multinational activity displace trade?

Using two-panel data sets on the operations of U.S. multinational firms abroad and the operations of foreign multinational firms in the United States, this article examines the empirical relationship between international trade and multinational activity. The evidence supports the conclusion that multinational activity and trade are complementary activities, particularly multinational activity and intrafirm trade. This empirical result is consistent with the theoretical reasons one might expect a complementary relationship between the two activities and is also robust to different approaches and specifications.