You Have to Start from Scratch and You Need Someone by Your Side”: Perspectives of Parents and Teachers on Immigrant Students’ Adaptation to School

This article analyses the issue of immigrant students’ adaptation in Israeli schools, as perceived by their parents and teachers. The study integrates data from two qualitative, phenomenological studies: one explored immigrant parents’ perceptions of Israeli education and their children’s adaptation in school, while the other studied teachers’ perceptions of immigrant students’ education and their practices in the field. The data was gathered from in‐depth interviews with 17 parents and 20 teachers. The analysis yielded a list of themes related to parents’ and teachers’ views of the children’s adjustment, and their own roles in this process: their personal experiences in the field, the challenges and difficulties in interpersonal interactions between parents and teachers, and policy issues related to the educational integration of immigrant students. Findings emphasize the vital importance of parent‐teacher collaboration, clarification and better implementation of existing policy, and teachers’ qualifications for the successful educational integration of immigrant students.     

论知识经济发展与高校创造型人才培养

“创新”是知识经济时代最根本的特征和要求。“知识经济”时代要不断创新．首先是要有一大批高素质的不断创新的人才。没有这样一大批人才,那么我们将要远远落伍。目前我国高等教育在教育培养人才方面仍存在着观念上、教学方法上的滞后与弊端。因此,要扭转这种局面．必须彻底从转变教育观念,改革教育方法入手,真正为我国培养一大批富有创新精神的高素质人才。只有这样,方能大力推进我国知识经济时代的进步,迎头赶上“知识经济”发展的时代潮流。     

重庆市生态环境建设的若干问题与规划

当前 ,制约重庆经济可持续发展的关键是生态环境问题。包括 :水土流失、自然灾害、三峡库区移民、酸雨污染等环境问题。本文对此作了详细的阐述和分析 ,并分别对重庆市的三峡库区、丘陵地区、中低山区提出了近期、中期和远期规划及总体布局。     

A Transaction Cost Approach to Outsourcing by Households

Below‐replacement fertility and late marriage reflect, in part, the incompatibility of women's family and paid work roles. The outsourcing of childcare and housework to market and state service providers offers a strategy for reconciling work–family conflicts. By referring to the household as an organizational unit, I use the transaction cost approach (TCA) of organizational economics to discuss the factors that facilitate or impede outsourcing by households. In my analysis the frequency, specificity, and uncertainty level of the transaction, as well as normative and social beliefs, can facilitate or impede the household's decision to outsource. Monetary considerations, preferences, and government policies might moderate the effect of the transaction cost on this decision. The analysis further demonstrates that gender is an important factor, because transaction costs are often not distributed equally within households.     

Predicting Responses to Volunteering among Adolescents in Israel: The Contribution of Personal and Situational Variables

The study examined positive and negative responses to volunteering (satisfaction with volunteering, perceived contribution to beneficiaries, and burnout) among 102 adolescents in Israel. The conceptual framework for explaining those responses was the ecological approach to the study of human development. In that context, the paper deals with the combined contribution of two ecological systems—the ontogenic system and the microsystem. The ontogenic system included sociodemographic variables (gender and religiosity), as well as empowerment resources. The microsystem included variables related to family context (parental volunteer activity and family support for volunteering), as well as to the context of volunteer activity (perceived rewards, difficulties with volunteering, and professional supervision). Sociodemographic variables and difficulties in relations with the provider organization predicted burnout, whereas rewards and professional supervision predicted satisfaction with volunteering. Empowerment contributed most to explaining volunteers’ perceived contribution to the beneficiaries of services.     

时间是与他者的关系--从《时间与他者》解读列维纳斯与海德格尔的关系

在现象学的境域内谈论列维纳斯与海德格尔的关系,时间问题是最根本和关键的。在《时间与他者》中,列维纳斯将“时间”界定为“主体与他者的关系”,从而构建了从海德格尔的“存在”中解放出来的路径。但是这种出离却是在与海德格尔相对反的意义上进行的,即在海德格尔的现象学存在论之内而又总是给予另类的诠释,由此来重构“存在论差异”,并在享受和磨难的境域中重新诠释他者、死亡和时间。     

论亚里士多德的真理符合论思想

亚里士多德的真理符合论是一切真理论的基础,其后各派真理论思想一直没有离开过这个轴线。围绕这个轴线历史上出现了种种不同解释,推动了真理论的发展,引发人们从不同角度、不同层面理解真理、把握真理。但它们都是围绕认识与对象是不是符合、怎样符合等问题而展开。马克思主义哲学真理论是真理符合论的当代形式,是历史上各种真理符合论的继承和发展。     

Economic Determinants of Divorce Among Dual-Earner Couples: Jews in Israel

The second half of the twentieth century saw tremendous changes in the economics of the household, as women entered the labor force in growing numbers and the share of dual-earners couples increased. These changes challenge the available theories which explain divorce by economic factors, as they are mostly molded in the homemaker-breadwinner model. In this study, we investigate the validity of two main groups of theories: one which asserts that women??s work has a destabilizing effect on marriage, and assumes asymmetry between the spouses; and another which states that women??s employment has a stabilizing effect, and assumes that relations between spouses are symmetric. By employing a large-scale longitudinal register-based data for the Jewish population in Israel, we find asymmetry in the effect of the spouses?? economic characteristics on marital instability, which suggest that theories that assert asymmetry and power relations between the spouses better explain transition to divorce among this group. In line with theories of income pooling, higher shared salaries are found to increase marital stability. Nonetheless, our results demonstrate that the basic assumption of symmetry between the spouses in these theories does not hold. Although employment stability for both spouses appears to reduce divorce risk, only the husband??s salary is shown to negatively affect the odds of divorce and only the wife??s working hours and sector of employment affect marriage instability. Moreover, couples in which the wife earns as much as or more than the husband are found to have the highest divorce risk.     

Through Adversity Comes Strength: Volunteering and Self-Esteem Among People with Physical Disabilities

The goal of the present study was to examine differences in self-esteem between volunteers with physical disabilities and their counterparts who do not volunteer. Another goal was to examine the contribution of the characteristics of the volunteering experience (motives for volunteering, satisfaction with the rewards of volunteering, and the quality of relationships with beneficiaries) to explain self-esteem among volunteers with physical disabilities. The research sample included 160 Israeli participants with different physical disabilities. Of these, 95 volunteered and 65 did not volunteer. Participants who volunteered had higher self-esteem than those who did not. The findings highlight the compensatory role of volunteering for people with disabilities: The contribution of volunteering to enhancing self-esteem was mainly evident among participants with poor socioeconomic resources (low education, low economic status, and unemployed). Egoistic and altruistic motives for volunteering as well as satisfaction with the rewards of volunteering contributed to explaining self-esteem.