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The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of fiscal policy by race, disaggregating to consider Uruguayans with primarily European, African and indigenous ancestry. We perform an incidence analysis, an estimation of the effect of fiscal policy on the poverty exit rate and an assessment of the impact on the average ethno-racial gaps. The findings support the idea that fiscal policy reduces (but does not eliminate) ethnic gaps. This result is led by health care and educational transfers, and to a lesser degree by direct transfers. We do not consider quality issues with public services, which may affect the estimated narrowing of gaps. Finally, we find that Afro-descendants and indigenous individuals do not capture the full potential of education transfers because of their high drop-out rate. 相似文献
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Scaling Back and Finding Flexibility: Gender Differences in Parents' Strategies to Manage Work–Family Conflict
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Studies show that fathers report work–family conflict levels comparable to mothers. The authors examine gender differences in work‐related strategies used to ease such conflicts. The authors also test whether the presence of young children at home shapes parents' use of different strategies. They address these focal questions using panel data from the Canadian Work, Stress, and Health study (N = 306 fathers, 474 mothers). The authors find that mothers with young children are more likely to scale back on work demands when compared with fathers with young children, but mothers and fathers with older children are equally likely to pursue these strategies. Furthermore, women with young children and men with older children are more likely to seek increased schedule control as a result of work–family conflict when compared with their parent counterparts. The authors situate these findings in the vast literature on the consequences of work–family conflict. 相似文献
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Marisa?C.?Young Jean?E.?WallaceEmail author 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2009,30(3):305-319
This study examines whether men and women invest in different determinants of productivity and whether these investments affect
productivity and salary in different ways. Hypotheses are tested from human and social capital theories that include more
direct measures for family responsibilities and family-friendly firm arguments. Data from 670 law firm lawyers were used given
they report a standardized measure of productivity in billable hours. Despite men investing more in their careers and women
investing more in their families, both report similar productivity and their productivity is affected similarly by these factors.
In addition, equally productive men and women are paid the same. The findings further our understanding of productivity and
salary and the relevance of family responsibilities and family-friendly firms.
Marisa C. Young is a second year Ph.D. student in Sociology at the University of Toronto. She is currently working on a federally funded project titled “Investigating Neighbourhood Effects on Mental Health.” Her dissertation research examines neighbourhood effects on the gendered distribution of housework, work-family conflict, and mental health. Jean E. Wallace, Ph.D., is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Calgary. She has studied professionals’ work attitudes, experiences, and organizational settings for over 20 years, with a recent shift in focus from lawyers to physicians. Her current research interests include well-being, work-life balance, job stress, and coping strategies. 相似文献
Jean E. Wallace (Corresponding author)Email: |
Marisa C. Young is a second year Ph.D. student in Sociology at the University of Toronto. She is currently working on a federally funded project titled “Investigating Neighbourhood Effects on Mental Health.” Her dissertation research examines neighbourhood effects on the gendered distribution of housework, work-family conflict, and mental health. Jean E. Wallace, Ph.D., is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Calgary. She has studied professionals’ work attitudes, experiences, and organizational settings for over 20 years, with a recent shift in focus from lawyers to physicians. Her current research interests include well-being, work-life balance, job stress, and coping strategies. 相似文献
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Urbanized areas show a high proportion of non-native plants and can work as dispersal points to the surrounding areas. Ensenada
is a fast growing city located in the northwestern peninsula of Baja California (Mexico). It is the southern extreme of a
bi-national, coastal urban corridor that extends from Los Angeles, California south to Ensenada. This corridor is part of
the biodiversity hotspot of the California Floristic Province. The aim of this study was to analyze the composition and distribution
of the spontaneous flora in the city of Ensenada. We systematically sampled two differentiated urban environments, vacant
lots and arroyos, in 2006 and 2007. We found a total of 158 plant species, 61% of them were non-native species. Arroyo areas
showed higher non-native species richness than vacant lots (21.9 vs. 13.6 species/transect) and could be potential dispersal
vectors for non-native species to natural areas outside of the city, or in the reverse direction also. 相似文献
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Marisa Bellisario 《Long Range Planning》1985,18(6):21-24
Italtel is Italy's leading manufacturer in the telecommunications industry. At the end of 1981, when the turnaround programme started, losses were about 200 billion lire, the corporate structure was overgrown and ineffective but the will and the know-how to steer toward profit and market leadership were there within the company. Break-even was accomplished in 1983 and confirmed in 1984. A new corporate structure as a group, a team of 2000 research and development specialists, up-to-date products, a new management team and a reduction of personnel by one-third in comparison to 1980, are among the main factors in the achievement. Today the company is meeting new challenges, to keep pace with technological innovation and worldwide competition: the alliance with the other three leading telecommunications manufacturers in the EEC (Cit Alcatel of France, Plessey of U.K., Siemens of Germany) is part of the corporate strategy. 相似文献
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The complexity of the relationship between gambling and crime make empirical establishment of a relationship between the two difficult. Focusing on one state, we examine the impact of Indian gaming on crime in New Mexico. Specific crime rates in New Mexico counties with tribal gaming are discussed. Comparisons of the rates of specific crimes are made between New Mexico counties with tribal gaming and those without. 相似文献
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John M. Gottman Julie S. Gottman Carrie Cole Marisa Preciado 《Journal of marital and family therapy》2020,46(2):218-239
We currently have little idea of precisely who goes for couples therapy. This is a report of the results of a validated online assessment of relationship and individual functioning based on 39,251 heterosexual, 1,022 lesbian, and 438 gay couples about to begin couples therapy. Using validated and reliable questionnaires of relationship and individual functioning, this report presents and compares, for each sexual-orientation, the percentage of couples, pre-therapy, who are coping with a variety of relationship problems. To test for the replicability of results, the sample was divided randomly into two subsamples and statistical tests were performed on each sample. Couples initiating therapy suffer from greater distress and many more co-morbidities than has been presumed in previous literature, and same-sex couples present a particular set of both strengths and challenges compared to heterosexual couples. Gay-male and lesbian couples were very different on trust and monogamy, as were heterosexual and lesbian couples. Based on this epidemiologically sized sample, the challenge to our field may be to create interventions with much larger effect sizes than we currently have. 相似文献