南社在传播马克思主义中的作用

本文通过对《共产党宣言》两种中译本和《民国日报 <觉悟 >副刊》的解读 ,阐述了近代革命文学社团南社在传播马克思主义方面发挥过的积极作用     

如何成为"最佳雇主"--访翰威特咨询公司

随着社会发展，越来越多的企业意识到“人才”是企业最宝贵的无形资产，吸引和留用具有一技之长的员工已经成为一个棘手的问题。为此，著名的全球HR管理咨询公司———翰威特咨询公司在２００１年推出了“亚洲最佳雇主”调研活动，２００２年他们再次进行了评选活动。争当“最佳雇主”成为企业竞争的一个大方向。如何才能成为“最佳雇主”？这个评选是怎么进行的？评选活动对现实有什么意义？带着这些问题，记者采访了翰威特公司北京地区负责人林靖小姐及其资询顾问。记：据了解，翰威特２００１年在中国开展“最佳雇主”的调研还是第一次…     

Improving flexibility and efficiency by adding parallelism to genetic algorithms

In this paper we develop a study on several types of parallel genetic algorithms (PGAs). Our motivation is to bring some uniformity to the proposal, comparison, and knowledge exchange among the traditionally opposite kinds of serial and parallel GAs. We comparatively analyze the properties of steady-state, generational, and cellular genetic algorithms. Afterwards, this study is extended to consider a distributed model consisting in a ring of GA islands. The analyzed features are the time complexity, selection pressure, schema processing rates, efficacy in finding an optimum, efficiency, speedup, and resistance to scalability. Besides that, we briefly discuss how the migration policy affects the search. Also, some of the search properties of cellular GAs are investigated. The selected benchmark is a representative subset of problems containing real world difficulties. We often conclude that parallel GAs are numerically better and faster than equivalent sequential GAs. Our aim is to shed some light on the advantages and drawbacks of various sequential and parallel GAs to help researchers using them in the very diverse application fields of the evolutionary computation.     

我国受贿罪概念中的矛盾及其解决

随着经济、社会的发展和立法、司法实践的变化,我国受贿罪概念的内涵及外延一直处于变动不居的过程中.我国1997年刑法典明示了受贿罪的罪名及其内涵、外延,但由此带来了有关受贿罪概念的诸多矛盾.从国际比较的视野审视并分析这些矛盾,有助于勾勒出我国受贿罪立法进一步完善的前景.     

Applicability of a Neuroprobabilistic Integral Risk Index for the Environmental Management of Polluted Areas: A Case Study

Recently, we developed a GIS-Integrated Integral Risk Index (IRI) to assess human health risks in areas with presence of environmental pollutants. Contaminants were previously ranked by applying a self-organizing map (SOM) to their characteristics of persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity in order to obtain the Hazard Index (HI). In the present study, the original IRI was substantially improved by allowing the entrance of probabilistic data. A neuroprobabilistic HI was developed by combining SOM and Monte Carlo analysis. In general terms, the deterministic and probabilistic HIs followed a similar pattern: polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and light polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were the pollutants showing the highest and lowest values of HI, respectively. However, the bioaccumulation value of heavy metals notably increased after considering a probability density function to explain the bioaccumulation factor. To check its applicability, a case study was investigated. The probabilistic integral risk was calculated in the chemical/petrochemical industrial area of Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain), where an environmental program has been carried out since 2002. The risk change between 2002 and 2005 was evaluated on the basis of probabilistic data of the levels of various pollutants in soils. The results indicated that the risk of the chemicals under study did not follow a homogeneous tendency. However, the current levels of pollution do not mean a relevant source of health risks for the local population. Moreover, the neuroprobabilistic HI seems to be an adequate tool to be taken into account in risk assessment processes.     

自然价值的进化

人类面临生态困境 ,这与人类价值观密切相关。自然价值的问题是 2 1世纪人们高度关切的根本性问题。为了认识自然价值问题 ,有必要了解自然价值是怎样产生和发展的。自然价值是自然物质生产过程的创造。自然物质生产是历史地发展的 ,自然价值的创造也是历史地发展的。这种历史发展促成自然价值的进化。总的说来 ,它朝着价值不断增殖的方向运动。     

Axiomatizations of the normalized Banzhaf value and the Shapley value

A cooperative game with transferable utilities– or simply a TU-game – describes a situation in which players can obtain certain payoffs by cooperation. A solution concept for these games is a function which assigns to every such a game a distribution of payoffs over the players in the game. Famous solution concepts for TU-games are the Shapley value and the Banzhaf value. Both solution concepts have been axiomatized in various ways. An important difference between these two solution concepts is the fact that the Shapley value always distributes the payoff that can be obtained by the `grand coalition' consisting of all players cooperating together while the Banzhaf value does not satisfy this property, i.e., the Banzhaf value is not efficient. In this paper we consider the normalized Banzhaf value which distributes the payoff that can be obtained by the `grand coalition' proportional to the Banzhaf values of the players. This value does not satisfy certain axioms underlying the Banzhaf value. In this paper we introduce some new axioms that characterize the normalized Banzhaf value. We also provide an axiomatization of the Shapley value using similar axioms. Received: 10 April 1996 / Accepted: 2 June 1997     

横向水流作用下气泡运动数值模拟

由于气液两相体系中气泡的诸多流体力学行为不仅影响两相流的速度分布,还可通过改变气液相界面等途径改变整个体系的传热传质 效果,对气液接触设备性能具有重要影响。课题组利用数值模拟对恒定水速下管道中喷射的气体进行分析,追踪管道中气泡流的变化情况。气液两相流采用层流 模型,并运用VOF对气液两相界面进行追踪,速度与压力的耦合求解采用PISO算法。计算结果表明：气体在管道中成类似泡状流,并受浮力作用逐步靠近上壁面 形成连续的长气泡;水流速度和气泡到达上壁面距离进口处的距离近似呈线性关系;最大气泡粒径与进口水速负相关,与进口气速正相关。研究结果可为相关气 泡运动特性的进一步研究提供参考。     

国家创新型城市效率评价研究——基于两阶段DEA模型

采用共享投入型两阶段数据包络分析（DEA）模型,并构建多环节的创新型城市评价指标体系,对长三角地区创新型城市的创新效率进行评价。结果表明:在未来国家创新型城市建设过程中,相关城市不仅要考虑科技创新,还应考虑经济效益、社会效益和生态效益;在资金投入方面,需要构建金融创新体系,深化资本市场的建设,提升对创新创业的支持力度,强化科技金融服务能力;在创新型城市的建设过程中,应加快产业结构的调整,鼓励自主创业和创新型中小企业的发展,加快推进城市的生态文明建设。     

Policies to Attract R&D-related FDI in Small Emerging Countries: Aligning Incentives With Local Linkages and Absorptive Capacities in Chile

Over the last decade we have witnessed an unprecedented growth in the number of cross-border R&D investments towards large emerging countries such as China and India. However, small middle-income countries have played a marginal role as recipients of R&D-related FDI despite increasing policy efforts. In particular, several Latin American countries have recently launched new policy programs with the aim of attracting this kind of investments, but it remains uncertain whether public incentives can be useful to compensate for other locational disadvantages. The case of Chile provides an interesting empirical setting to explore these issues because during the last decade its government has been actively promoting R&D-related FDI through a new policy mix. This article suggests that for national innovation systems to benefit from the attraction of internationally-mobile R&D it is critical for public policies to ensure that appropriate linkages are established with local actors that hold absorptive capacities. Equally important for a small emerging economy like Chile is to prioritize R&D-related FDI in strategic technology niches where the country can realistically attain critical mass.