Labor Market Disparities Between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans: Reexamining the Role of Immigrant Selectivity

Black immigrants from the Caribbean have long attained greater labor market success than African Americans. The most recent studies show that Afro Caribbeans have earnings that are approximately 16% greater than African Americans and that Afro Caribbeans are as much as 21% more likely to be employed than African Americans. The most prominent explanation for greater Afro Caribbean success is that, because they have chosen to migrate, Afro Caribbeans are positively self‐selected on characteristics that are key for success in the U.S. labor market. Proponents of immigrant selectivity argue that migrants have greater levels of both hard and soft skills than nonmigrants. Using data from the National Survey of American Life—the first social survey to provide a nationally representative sample of both African Americans and Afro Caribbeans—this study finds that Afro Caribbeans have greater hard skills than African Americans but split the difference on two measures of soft skills: African Americans and Afro Caribbeans are matched on John Henryism, but African Americans have greater personal mastery than Afro Caribbeans. Contrary to expectations, controlling for differences in hard and soft skills does not provide for a meaningful reduction in labor market disparities between African Americans and Afro Caribbeans.     

上海自贸试验区临港新片区集聚海内外人才开展国际创新协同研究

临港新片区应主动参与引领长三角相关资源集成,加强海内外人才集聚能力,注重政府引导和市场配置资源相结合,促进产业布局、金融支持、平台建设、服务供给与人才激励之间的有效衔接和良性互动,特别是要促进"产业链""创新链"与"人才链"的融合贯通,同时在"服务链"方面形成嵌套,共同培育具备国际创新活力的海内外人才集聚的整合链条,致力形成"高层次人才引聚—人才开展高水平创新协同—形成创新生态系统"的良性互促局面.     

上海自贸试验区临港新片区集聚海内外人才开展国际创新协同研究

临港新片区应主动参与引领长三角相关资源集成,加强海内外人才集聚能力,注重政府引导和市场配置资源相结合,促进产业布局、金融支持、平台建设、服务供给与人才激励之间的有效衔接和良性互动,特别是要促进"产业链""创新链"与"人才链"的融合贯通,同时在"服务链"方面形成嵌套,共同培育具备国际创新活力的海内外人才集聚的整合链条,致力形成"高层次人才引聚—人才开展高水平创新协同—形成创新生态系统"的良性互促局面.     

The valuation “by-tranche” of composite investment instruments

The return on composite investment instruments takes the form of weighted-average, derived from two economic indicators or more. Three experiments illustrate that prospective investors tend to valuate composites “by-tranche”, consistently violating the premise of reduction. Valuation-by-tranche shows for uncertain and risky composites and reflects in allocation problems and binary choice. The willingness to invest still strongly increases when one tranche hedges against the other, suggesting that reduced-form considerations may interfere with the inclination to value by part. A hybrid model where investors weight the values of tranches, but also respond to the reduced-form, approximates the data most accurately.     

Financial decision making in collective society—A field test on Israeli kibbutz members and city residents

This comparison of Israeli kibbutz members to city residents examines how of individualistic/collective society affects financial decision making. Findings revealed that kibbutz members are more risk averse and discount the future more than city residents, undermining the assumption that collective society accords a safety net. We claim that the collective financial management of the kibbutz reduces individuals’ financial knowledge and experience, causing them to be more risk averse in financial decisions, and thus overpowering the safety net offered by the collective society. In addition, we argue that despite privatization, individuals still operate according to collective ideas in handling their personal finances, but less than before the onset of the privatization process.     

The Log-Normal zero-inflated cure regression model for labor time in an African obstetric population

In obstetrics and gynecology, knowledge about how women''s features are associated with childbirth is important. This leads to establishing guidelines and can help managers to describe the dynamics of pregnant women''s hospital stays. Then, time is a variable of great importance and can be described by survival models. An issue that should be considered in the modeling is the inclusion of women for whom the duration of labor cannot be observed due to fetal death, generating a proportion of times equal to zero. Additionally, another proportion of women''s time may be censored due to some intervention. The aim of this paper was to present the Log-Normal zero-inflated cure regression model and to evaluate likelihood-based parameter estimation by a simulation study. In general, the inference procedures showed a better performance for larger samples and low proportions of zero inflation and cure. To exemplify how this model can be an important tool for investigating the course of the childbirth process, we considered the Better Outcomes in Labor Difficulty project dataset and showed that parity and educational level are associated with the main outcomes. We acknowledge the World Health Organization for granting us permission to use the dataset.