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1.
Normes,théorie des jeux et pratiques participatives: le poids réel des travailleurs dans les économies libérales
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Tony DOBBINS Tony DUNDON Niall CULLINANE Eugene HICKLAND Jimmy DONAGHEY 《Revue Internationale du Travail》2017,156(3-4):435-467
Les auteurs analysent l'effet de la directive européenne relative à l'information et à la consultation des travailleurs sur les pratiques participatives en entreprise au Royaume‐Uni et en Irlande. Dans une analyse conceptuelle et empirique, qui fait appel à la théorie des jeux, ils formulent trois hypothèses explicatives, qu'ils cherchent à vérifier avec des données qualitatives recueillies auprès de seize entreprises. La démonstration permet de comprendre pourquoi la coopération, gage de gains mutuels, n'est pas la solution qui l'emporte dans les pays examinés, et elle nous en dit un peu plus sur l'effet des normes sur la gestion participative dans les économies de marché libérales. 相似文献
2.
David Cunningham 《Theory and Society》2012,41(5):505-525
Ethnic competition theory provides a powerful explanation for ethnic conflict, by demonstrating how variation in ethnic mobilization relates to intergroup struggles over scarce resources. However, the tendency to capture such relationships at the aggregate level, through macro-level proxies of intergroup competition, offers little insight into the processes through which ethnic grievances mobilize into contentious action. This article integrates insights from the social movements literature to address how competitive contexts crystallize into broader conflicts. Drawing on data from the civil rights-era Ku Klux Klan??perhaps the quintessential case of contentious ethnic organization in the United States??the analysis focuses on the ways in which meso-level arrangements mediate the relationship between overarching competitive contexts and ethnic conflict. Results of a paired comparative analysis of KKK mobilization in Greensboro and Charlotte demonstrate that social and spatial relations within each city shaped the contours of perceived competition and subsequent ethnic organization in ways that were not always predictable through observation of conventional proxies of competition. 相似文献
3.
Rosie Campbell Teela Sanders Jane Scoular Jane Pitcher Stewart Cunningham 《The British journal of sociology》2019,70(4):1539-1560
It has been well established that those working in the sex industry are at various risks of violence and crime depending on where they sell sex and the environments in which they work. What sociological research has failed to address is how crime and safety have been affected by the dynamic changing nature of sex work given the dominance of the internet and digital technologies, including the development of new markets such as webcamming. This paper reports the most comprehensive findings on the internet‐based sex market in the UK demonstrating types of crimes experienced by internet‐based sex workers and the strategies of risk management that sex workers adopt, building on our article in the British Journal of Sociology in 2007. We present the concept of ‘blended safety repertoires’ to explain how sex workers, particularly independent escorts, are using a range of traditional techniques alongside digitally enabled strategies to keep themselves safe. We contribute a deeper understanding of why sex workers who work indoors rarely report crimes to the police, reflecting the dilemmas experienced. Our findings highlight how legal and policy changes which seek to ban online adult services advertising and sex work related content within online spaces would have direct impact on the safety strategies online sex workers employ and would further undermine their safety. These findings occur in a context where aspects of sex work are quasi‐criminalized through the brothel keeping legislation. We conclude that the legal and policy failure to recognize sex work as a form of employment, contributes to the stigmatization of sex work and prevents individuals working together. Current UK policy disallows a framework for employment laws and health and safety standards to regulate sex work, leaving sex workers in the shadow economy, their safety at risk in a quasi‐legal system. In light of the strong evidence that the internet makes sex work safer, we argue that decriminalisation as a rights based model of regulation is most appropriate. 相似文献
4.
This article investigates what motivates combatants to fight in non-conventional armed organizations. Drawing on interviews with ex-combatants from the Army of the Serbian Republic in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Provisional Irish Republican Army, the article compares the role of nationalist ideology, coercive organizational structures, and small group solidarity in these two organizations. Our analysis indicates that coercion played a limited role in both armed forces: in the VRS coercion was relevant mostly in the recruitment phase, while in the IRA its direct impact was only discernible during armed operations. We also find that although both organizations are seen as being highly motivated by nationalist ideas, the picture is much more complex and nationalism is less present than expected. The study demonstrates that nationalism played a relatively marginal role in combatants’ motivation to fight. Instead our research indicates that individualist motivations, small group solidarity, and local networks dominate. 相似文献
5.
Vladyslav Kushnir Alexandra Godinho David C. Hodgins Christian S. Hendershot John A. Cunningham 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2018,34(4):1407-1421
Most problem gamblers do not seek formal treatment, recovering on their own through cognitive re-appraisal or self-help strategies. Although barriers to treatment have been extensively studied, there is a paucity of research on self-directed changes in problem gambling and very few studies have examined these changes prospectively. The aim of this study was to examine the trajectory of gambling severity and behavior change over an 18-month period, among a sample of non-treatment seeking/attending problem gamblers recruited from the community (N?=?204) interested in quitting or reducing gambling. Separate mixed effects models revealed that in absence of formal treatment, significant reductions in gambling severity, frequency, and amount gambled could be observed over the course of a 6 to 9-month period and that changes experienced within the first 12 months were maintained for an extended 6 months. Problem gambling severity at baseline was significantly associated with changes in severity over time, such that participants with more severe gambling problems demonstrated greater reductions in their gambling severity over time. A total of 11.1% of participants gambled within a low-risk threshold at 18 months, although 28.7% of the sample reported consecutive gambling severity scores below problem levels for the duration of 1 year or longer. The findings suggest that among problem gamblers motivated to quit or reduce their gambling, significant self-directed changes in gambling severity can occur over a relatively short time. Additional prospective studies are needed to document the role of specific self-help tools or thought processes in exacting gambling changes. 相似文献
6.
Suurvali H Hodgins DC Toneatto T Cunningham JA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2012,28(2):273-296
A random digit dialing telephone survey was used to interview 8,467 adults in Ontario, Canada. The NODS-CLiP was used to identify
a representative sample of 730 gamblers (54.3% male, mean age 45.3 years) with possible past year gambling problems in order
to explore factors that might affect disordered gamblers’ motivators for seeking gambling-related help. A final sample of
526 gamblers provided useable data on possible reasons for and barriers to seeking help, awareness of services, self-perception
of gambling problems and experience with help-seeking. Financial and relationship issues were the most frequently volunteered
motivators. However, over two-thirds of the respondents could not think of a reason for seeking help. Gamblers who had self-admitted
or more severe problems, who knew how to get help, who were employed and had more education, and who identified possible barriers
to seeking help were more likely to suggest motivators, especially financial ones. More research is recommended on gamblers’
trajectory towards recognition of a gambling problem, the process of overcoming specific barriers to treatment, and the role
of social advantage (e.g., education and employment), in order to devise educational campaigns that will encourage earlier
help-seeking among disordered gamblers. 相似文献
7.
David Cunningham 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(4):355-377
Models that purport to explain the interplay between dissidents and the state generally assert, either explicitly or implicitly,
that the path from state interests to action to outcomes is a linear one. Using the case of the United Klans of America (UKA)
in North Carolina, I argue that state efforts to exert social control upon a perceived threat are shaped by a range of internal
and external contingencies. In particular, I undertake a comparative analysis of two state agencies to demonstrate how a particular
mechanism—ambivalence, here conceptualized as the relational consequence of a mismatch between organizational culture and organizational goals—leads
to distinct, and sometimes heterogeneous, actions and outcomes not directly traceable to organizational mandates. Findings
lend insight into how endogenous organizational processes shape contentious political outcomes in potentially divergent ways. 相似文献
8.
Cunningham SM 《Violence and victims》2003,18(6):619-639
This article examines adult respondents' abuse of children as a consequence of their own childhood experiences of abuse, both direct experiences of childhood violence (hitting) and exposure to interparental violence (witnessing). In particular, the study examines the extent to which these factors function interactively: Are both experience and exposure necessary or is either sufficient to increase disproportionately the probability of child abuse? Using data from the Second National Family Violence Survey, results of a logistic regression analysis show that either or both factors produced higher than average and relatively similar rates of child abuse. Only respondents with neither form of family violence reported lower than average rates of abuse of their own children. The analysis controlled for gender, race, family income, and family structure; race was the only control variable to be significantly associated with child abuse. Finally, no control variable modified the interaction between the family violence variables. 相似文献
9.
In many domains, simple forms of classification rules are needed because of requirements such as ease of use. A particularly simple form splits each variable into just a few categories, assigns weights to the categories, sums the weights for a new object to be classified, and produces a classification by comparing the score with a threshold. Such instruments are often called scorecards. We describe a way to find the best partition of each variable using a simulated annealing strategy. We present theoretical and empirical comparisons of two such additive models, one based on weights of evidence and another based on logistic regression. 相似文献
10.
Motivators for Resolving or Seeking Help for Gambling Problems: A Review of the Empirical Literature
Helen Suurvali David C. Hodgins John A. Cunningham 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(1):1-33
This literature review summarizes recent empirical research on the reasons disordered gamblers try, through treatment or otherwise,
to resolve or reduce their gambling problems. Relevant databases and bibliographies were searched for English-language studies,
published since 1998, that asked gamblers themselves about motivators for action. Found were ten studies addressing reasons
for trying to resolve or reduce gambling problems, five addressing reasons for seeking help and four addressing reasons for
requesting self-exclusion from casinos. Help-seeking occurred largely in response to gambling-related harms (especially financial
problems, relationship issues and negative emotions) that had already happened or that were imminent. Resolution was often
motivated by the same kinds of harms but evaluation/decision-making and changes in lifestyle or environment played a more
prominent role. Self-exclusion was motivated by harms, evaluation/decision-making and a wish to regain control. Awareness
and educational materials could incorporate messages that might encourage heavy gamblers to make changes before harms became
too great. Intervention development could also benefit from more research on the motivators leading to successful (vs. failed)
resolution, as well as on the ways in which disordered gamblers are able to overcome specific barriers to seeking help or
reaching resolution. 相似文献