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Seasonality and vertical structure of light-attracted insect communities in a dipterocarp forest in Sarawak 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Makoto Kato Tamiji Inoue Abang Abdul Hamid Teruyoshi Nagamitsu Mahamud Ben Merdek Abdul Rahman Nona Takao Itino Seiki Yamane Takakazu Yumoto 《Researches on Population Ecology》1995,37(1):59-79
Nocturnal flying insects were collected monthly for 13 months using ultra violet light-traps set at various vertical levels
in a weakly-seasonal, tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia. Abundance, faunal composition, size distribution
and guild structure of these samples were analyzed with respect to temperal and vertical distributions. The nocturnal flying
insect community in the canopy level was highly dominated by fig wasps (84%) in individual number, and by scarabaeid beetles
(28%) in weight. A principal component analysis on monthly catches detected non-random, seasonal trends of insect abundance.
The first two principal trends were an alternation of wetter (September to January) and less wet seasons (February to August)
and an alternation between the least wet (January to March) and the other seasons. Many insect groups were less abundant in
the least wet season than the other seasons, whilst inverse patterns were found in Scarabaeidae and Tenebrionidae. Significantly
positive and negative correlations between monthly catch and rainfall were detected only in ovule-feeders and in phloem-feeders,
respectively. Delayed, significant negative correlations between monthly catch and 1–3 month preceding rainfall were more
frequently detected in phytophages, phloem-feeders, seed-feeders, wood-borers and scavengers. The peak in abundance along
vertical levels were found at the canopy level (35 m) for phloem-, ovule-, seed-, root-, fungal-feeders and nectar collectors,
at an upper subcanopy level (25 m) for scavengers and aquatic predators, and at a middle subcanopy level (17 m) for ants.
Catches at the emergent level (45 m) did not exceed those at the canopy level. 相似文献
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Nona Maria Gronert 《Sociology Compass》2019,13(6)
In the last 8 years, activist pressure has increased attention to sexual violence at universities. Most recently, the #MeToo movement has widened the conversation about sexual violence. This increased public attention has coincided with changes in federal guidelines, state laws, and campus policies on sexual violence as well as social movement activity by survivor‐activists and emerging counter‐movements. I argue that sociologists—specifically researchers who study gender and/or law and society—are uniquely situated to contribute to the study of sexual violence on campus. I synthesize a growing sociological and interdisciplinary literature on sexual violence—legal changes, policy effects, and social movement struggles—in order to advocate that sociologists study laws, campus policies, and social movements simultaneously. 相似文献
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This paper explores the meaning and implications of the desire by workers for impact. We find that this impact motive can make a firm in a competitive labor market face an upward-sloping supply curve of labor, lead workers with the same characteristics but at different firms to earn different wages, may alleviate the hold-up problem in firm-specific investment, can make it profitable for an employer to give workers autonomy in effort or task choice, and can propagate shocks to unemployment. 相似文献
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Amihai Glazer 《Social Networks》1981,3(2):117-126
Let some individuals selected from a population form a subgroup. Let each individual name those individuals whom he considers to be the best members of his subgroup. Based on the number of times an individual was so named, we wish to find the probability that the individual is the best. second best, third best, etc., member of the population. This paper presents a method for the calculation of such probabilities. In so doing, it also offers a solution to the constant frame of reference problem in which individuals from different subgroups must be compared. 相似文献
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Anne-Kathrin Bronsert Amihai Glazer Kai A. Konrad 《Journal of population economics》2017,30(1):163-186
In a courtship game, wasteful conspicuous spending may provide information about some components of a suitor’s income. But conspicuous spending may be costly not only for the potential husband but also for the woman: it reduces the wealth of the man she may marry. In the optimal contractual arrangement, the bride’s cost moderates the threshold value of the conspicuous spending that she requires for marriage. We also find that a sound observable financial background (‘old money’) benefits both the suitor and the woman, and reduces wasteful spending on status goods. Furthermore, we analyze how a change in the intensity with which the suitor seeks the woman may affect the equilibrium pattern of conspicuous spending. 相似文献
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Amihai Glazer 《Theory and Decision》1987,22(3):257-270
Conclusion I believe to have shown that a signalling model of voter behavior is bothconsistent with neo-classical economic theory, and in agreement withmany of the important features of the political system. I cannot provethat the theory is a correct one, only that the assumptions appearreasonable, that these assumptions lead to some testable predictions, andthat many of these predictions agree with the available evidence.The argument may appear to be discomforting to some; I often findit so. For the view here is that important decisions - war, peace, civil rights- are not made on the basis of considered judgment by the citizens.Instead, citizens realize that their votes will not matter and they there-fore do not vote to affect policy. Voters view politics as a game orentertainment; it is only one of many ways to impress one's friends orassociates, and fulfills the same function for many voters that designerjeans do. 相似文献
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In The Bourgeois Dignity, Deidre McCloskey asserts that although there were many reasons that have been posited for the rise of the bourgeois class and the tremendous increase in the world's standard of living that occurred during the Industrial Revolution, including the enlightenment and the Protestant ethic, something else was required. For her, that something else was a change in the esteem that was afforded to the bourgeois, to capitalists and to capitalism. The talk changed and a change in the talk was what ultimately changed things. In this article, we briefly explore and defend McCloskey's (2010) claim that a change in talk was at the root of the Industrial Revolution. Further, contrary to much of the literature on the relationship between discourse and social change which tends to focus on discourse as an artifact rather than a driver of change, we argue using examples from outside of economics and economic history that a change in talk not only tends to accompany but often precedes dramatic social transformation. 相似文献