CONTEXT EFFECTS FOR CENSUS MEASURES OF RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN

This paper reports on the results of a split-ballot experimentconducted in 1987 to test alternative versions of the decennialcensus long form. Two forms were randomly assigned and self-administeredin group sessions involving a total of 515 respondents. Theorder of race and Hispanic origin items was experimentally manipulated.The standard long form asks race, then Hispanic origin. Theexperimental form reversed the order of the items in order toreduce perceived redundancy, and to create a more restrictedframe of reference for the race item. The objectives of thecontext manipulation were (1) to reduce item nonresponse forthe Hispanic origin item, and (2) to reduce reporting of "Otherrace" by Hispanics in the race item. Objective (1) was met.Objective (2) was met for Hispanics born in a U.S. state, butnot for immigrants. The results are interpreted as reflectinga process of acculturation that affects how Hispanic respondentsapply U.S. racial categories "white" and "black" in the census.     

Career Planning Connections: Using the Computer to Match Students With Professionals in the Field

This article describes a computerized career resource network designed to assist in matching students, efficiently and cost-effectively, with professionals in their career fields of interest.     

Femininity, Sexuality and Professionalism in the Children's Departments

Correspondence to ReadingLasses, Wigtown, Galloway, DG8 9EH. Summary Noting the significance of women in management in the localauthority children's departments (1948–72) and the preoccupationwith women in management during the 1990s, the authors comparethese two periods. In particular, they focus upon the discoursesof femininity which shape the ways in which women as managersand as professionals are talked about, understood and analysed.The argument, presented from a feminist post-structuralist perspective,is based on an analysis of data generated through interviewswith women who were significant in the children's departments(as children's officers or members of the children's committees)between 1948 and 1972. The paper shows that the ways in whichfemininity is constructed, socially and through women's subjectivities,act as powerful mechanisms through which women are controlled,but also present opportunities to women for resistance and change.     

Stakeholder Reporting: The Role of Intermediaries

Corporate social responsibility encompasses a multiplicity of different concepts, such that its nature is confused, and it remains difficult to operationalize because opening dialogue with and responding to the various expectations of diverse stakeholders is beyond the capacity of many companies. This paper adapts Mayston's normative “information beneficiaries” framework and focuses on intermediaries who might potentially use published financial information to open a restricted form of dialogue with companies, which might benefit unsophisticated stakeholders. The paper examines the Mayston framework using interviews conducted in organizations that might act on behalf of three stakeholder groups associated with gas and electricity suppliers in the United Kingdom, these being: consumers, employees, and the environment. While a long chain of communication exists between utility company and stakeholder, and many organizations do not fulfill their full potential as information intermediaries, there is some evidence that Mayston's framework might well operate in practice.     

Corporate Responses to HIV/AIDS: Experience and Leadership from South Africa

HIV/AIDS harms the viability and competitiveness of African businesses. As a consequence, companies increasingly subscribe to the view that taking a proactive role to combat HIV/AIDS is not simply a question of compassion and good corporate citizenship. Rather, these firms see assertive action against HIV as critical to their long‐term profitability, and some have concluded that it is cost effective even in the short term. The article discusses how South African companies are taking action against HIV in ways that set new benchmarks, enhance the effectiveness of international AIDS advocacy efforts, and spur businesses across Africa and beyond to strengthen their corporate responses to HIV/AIDS.     

Labour geographies of the platform economy: Understanding collective organizing strategies in the context of digitally mediated work

The article examines the geographies of collective labour struggle in the platform economy. It distinguishes between the unique spatial features associated with place-based work and crowdwork to examine the divergent collective organizing strategies developed therein. Taking works councils, collective bargaining and multi-enterprise agreements as three examples of social dialogue, the article considers why different types of platform workers gravitate towards particular strategies, analyses the regulatory frameworks within which these workers' collective struggles are bound, and assesses the propensity for these expressions of solidarity to improve the terms and conditions of platform work.     

L'économie des plateformes sous l'angle de la géographie ouvrière: comprendre les stratégies d'organisation collective dans le contexte du travail intermédié par les plateformes numériques

L'auteure analyse sous un angle géographique la lutte collective des travailleurs de plateforme. Distinguant deux formes de travail de plateforme (l'offre de services locaux et le microtravail), elle examine leurs caractéristiques spatiales respectives et les stratégies d'organisation collective spécifiques à chacune. À partir de trois démarches de dialogue social (comités d'entreprise, négociation collective et accords multientreprises), elle cherche à comprendre pourquoi chaque catégorie de travailleurs de plateforme choisit telle stratégie plutôt que telle autre. Elle analyse les cadres réglementaires dans lesquels s'inscrivent les luttes collectives de ces travailleurs et les chances de voir cette mobilisation améliorer leurs conditions de travail.     

National character,regional culture,and the values of Canadians and Americans

Cette étude analyse des données ayant fait l'objet de sondages à l'échelle nationale et qui serviront à evaluer la thèse de S.M. Lipset en regard avec certaines divergences caractérisant la population canadienne et américaine. L'étude traitera principalement d'une question, à savoir si les particularités régionales de chacun des deux pays constituent un élément aussi fondamental que leur dissemblance si l'on compare leurs valeurs. Les résultats du sondage indiquent que la barrière entre le Canada et les États-Unis ne constitue pas un critère majeur en regard avec les valeurs faisant l'objet de la présente étude. Il semble que les divergences d'ordre culturel portent plutǒt sur les trois régions principales suivantes: la province de Québec qui est relativement libérale, alors que le sud des États-Unis qui est plus conservateur, et un secteur plutǒt modéré qui englobe le reste de la population des deux pays. Les implications concernant la thèse de Lipset et l'étude des régionalismes canadiens et américains sont explorées brièvement. This paper brings together two related but distinct issues in the analysis of culture and values in Canada and the United States. The first of these is Lipset's well-known thesis on the differences in national character and belief systems between Canadians and Americans. The second issue is the purported existence of distinct regional cultures within both countries. Using national sample survey data, we assess both cross-national and regional differences on a range of attitudes and perceptions. The results indicate that the pattern of regional cultures is not significantly affected or defined by the national border separating Canada and the United States. Instead, hierarchical tests of several different models suggest that, with a few exceptions, the map of regional cultures involves three major segments: a relatively left-liberal Quebec, a more conservative southern United States, and a comparatively moderate sector that largely encompasses the remainder of the two countries. The implications for Lipset's thesis on Canadian-American differences, and for the analysis of regional distinctions in both nations, are briefly discussed.